Key Issues in SLA

What does Krashen's non-intervention position suggest about second language learning?

• a. It is a conscious process

• b. Formal teaching is the primary factor
  

• c. Second language learning is an unconscious process
  

• d. Learners should rely solely on textbooks

Which psychologist proposed sociocultural theory for second language learning?

• a. Watson-Gegeo
  

• b. Nielsen
  

• c. Lantolf
  

• d. Vygosky

What is the core concept of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory regarding mediation?

• a. Symbols as products of individual cognition
  

• b. Internalization of social language
  

• c. Independence from social culture
  

• d. Symbols as products of social culture

According to the sociocultural theory, what is internalization?

• a. Emphasizing independent thinking
  

• b. Transforming symbols into mind products
  

• c. Rejecting the use of language symbols
  

• d. Focusing on external stimuli only

What are the three stages of regulation in children's development according to sociocultural theory?

• a. Self-regulation, societal-regulation, peer-regulation
  

• b. Object-regulation, internal-regulation, external-regulation
  

• c. Object-regulation, other-regulation, self-regulation
  

• d. Parental-regulation, teacher-regulation, self-regulation

How does scaffolding contribute to learning in the sociocultural theory?

• a. Encouraging complete independence in problem-solving
  

• b. Relying solely on adult instruction
  

• c. Fostering cooperation between learners and experts
  

• d. Eliminating the need for social interaction

According to the Input Hypothesis proposed by Krashen, what is considered necessary for second language acquisition?

• a. Exposure to non-comprehensible input
  

• b. Exposure to comprehensible input
  

• c. Exposure to written input only
  

• d. Exposure to vocabulary lists

Who first proposed the Interaction Hypothesis as an extension of the Input Hypothesis in the field of second language acquisition?

• a. Stephen Krashen
  

• b. Michael Long
  

• c. Noam Chomsky
  

• d. Jane Swain

What does Michael Long emphasize as being more important than non-interactive input for second language acquisition?

• a. Memorization of vocabulary
  

• b. Practice exercises in isolation
  

• c. Interactive input through negotiation of meanings
  

• d. Direct translation of texts

According to Swain, what function does learners' output serve in the development of their interlanguage system?

• a. Only a practice function
  

• b. Triggering unconscious processes
  

• c. Consciousness-raising and hypothesis-testing function
  

• d. Metacognitive avoidance