Quiz about Genetics and Heredity Study Guide

Question 1

An observable trait is one you can see.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 2

What are segments (parts) of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait called?

Accepted Answer

genes

Answer

chromosomes

Answer

alleles

Answer

nucleus

Question 3

A form of a gene that is always expressed as the trait when it is present is called?

Accepted Answer

dominant

Answer

recessive

Answer

allele

Answer

genotype

Question 4

The genetic makeup of an organism (such as Aa) is called?

Accepted Answer

genotype

Answer

DNA

Answer

phenotype

Answer

allele

Question 5

A gene composed of two different alleles is called?

Accepted Answer

heterozygous

Answer

homozygous

Answer

genotype

Answer

phenotype

Question 6

A gene composed of two identical alleles is called?

Accepted Answer

homozygous

Answer

heterozygous

Answer

phenotype

Answer

genotype

Question 7

The physical traits produced by the genotype; the expression of genes is called?

Accepted Answer

phenotype

Answer

genotype

Answer

mutation

Answer

Punnett square

Question 8

A mathematical model that predicts the probability of possible genotypes and phenotypes is called?

Accepted Answer

Punnett square

Answer

population

Answer

graph

Answer

chart

Question 9

A form of a gene that is expressed only when a dominant allele is not present is called?

Accepted Answer

recessive

Answer

variation

Answer

evolution

Answer

dominant

Question 10

If an organism is homozygous dominant for a trait, what could its genotype look like?

Accepted Answer

YY

Answer

Yy

Answer

yy

Answer

All of the above

Question 11

If an organism is homozygous recessive for a trait, what could its genotype look like?

Accepted Answer

rr

Answer

RR

Answer

Rr

Answer

All of the above

Question 12

If an organism is heterozygous for a trait, what could its genotype look like?

Accepted Answer

Bb

Answer

BB

Answer

bb

Answer

All of the above

Question 13

A flowering shrub has two possible flower color traits: red and white. The dominant allele (R) codes for red flowers, the recessive allele (r) codes for white flowers.

A heterozygous red-flowered shrub is cross-pollinated by a white-flowered shrub.

Which Punnett square would you use to predict the probability of a shrub offspring having red or white flowers?

Accepted Answer

Option B is correct

Answer

A.

Answer

C.

Answer

D.

Question 14

A flowering shrub has two possible flower color traits: red and white. The dominant allele (R) codes for red flowers, the recessive allele (r) codes for white flowers.

A heterozygous red-flowered shrub is cross-pollinated by a white-flowered shrub.

What is the probability that an offspring of the parent generation will have white flowers?

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

100%

Question 15

If both parents are heterozygous for a trait, what is the probability of a recessive offspring?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Answer

100%

Question 16

The passing of traits from parent to offspring is called?

Accepted Answer

heredity

Answer

biodiversity

Answer

adaptation

Answer

mutation

Question 17

A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes is called?

Accepted Answer

trait(s)

Answer

gene(s)

Answer

genotype(s)

Answer

feature(s)

Question 18

In sexually reproducing organisms, how many versions of genes does each parent contribute to the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1

Answer

2

Answer

3

Answer

4

Question 19

When sexually-reproducing organisms have more than one offspring and get the same amount of genetic information, why do they appear different from each other?

Accepted Answer

because alleles are passed down from parent to offspring randomly

Answer

because one offspring can get more DNA from the father than the mother

Answer

because one offspring can get more DNA from the mother than the father

Answer

all options are possible

Question 20

Why might an offspring look more like its father than its mother?

Accepted Answer

because the father has more dominant traits

Answer

because the mother gave more genetic information

Answer

because the mother has more dominant traits

Answer

because the father gave more genetic information

Question 21

Look at the picture. The probability that a child will inherit the recessive trait (represented by the genotype bb) is              .

Accepted Answer

25 %

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Answer

100%

Question 22

EACH parent provided ______ of your genes.

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

25 %

Answer

75%

Answer

100%

Question 23

Brown hair is an example of a                 .

Accepted Answer

phenotype

Answer

genotype

Question 24

All of these are examples of                   .
Aa, DD, bB, yy

Accepted Answer

genotypes

Answer

phenotypes

Question 25

What belongs in the missing square?

Accepted Answer

rr

Answer

RR

Answer

Rr

Answer

it's impossible to determine

Question 26

What belongs in the missing square?

Accepted Answer

hh

Answer

HH

Answer

Hr

Answer

it's impossible to determine

Question 27

What percent of the offspring will be homozygous dominant?

Accepted Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Answer

100%

Question 28

What percent of the offspring will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

75%

Answer

100%

Question 29

What percent of the offspring will be heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

75%

Answer

100%

Question 30

What is the missing allele for this parent?

Accepted Answer

d

Answer

D

Question 31

B = brown fur ~ b = white fur
In the Punnett square, what is the probability for white fur?

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

75%

Question 32

Mutations can be .

Accepted Answer

All answers are correct.

Answer

neutral

Answer

beneficial

Answer

harmful

Question 33

Which of the following statements is NOT true about mutations?

Accepted Answer

Mutations always help organisms reproduce.

Answer

Mutations may result in trait changes.

Answer

Mutations happen due to random copying errors.

Answer

Mutations may affect the protein structure of an organism.

Question 34

Mutations create               that aid in the process of natural selection.

Accepted Answer

variations

Answer

colors

Answer

organisms

Answer

plants

Question 35

Albinism (the complete lack of pigment in an organism) could be considered a ______________ mutation by making the organism more susceptible to predators.

Accepted Answer

harmful

Answer

beneficial

Answer

neutral

Answer

All answers are correct.

Question 36

The majority of mutations are .

Accepted Answer

neutral

Answer

beneficial

Answer

harmful

Answer

they are equally split

Question 37

Lactose tolerance is good because it allows people to drink milk without feeling sick.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 38

Labrador retrievers can be black, yellow, or chocolate in color. This is due to a mutation that neither hurts nor helps them, therefore, it is a                     mutation.

Accepted Answer

neutral

Answer

harmful

Answer

helpful

Answer

all of the above.

Question 39

Cancers can be caused by                   mutations.

Accepted Answer

harmful

Answer

neutral

Answer

beneficial

Answer

natural

Question 40

Which process is involved in artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Humans choosing individuals with desirable traits to parent the next generations.

Answer

Allowing organisms to reproduce without human interference.

Answer

Using technology to cut DNA and insert genes to get the desired traits.

Answer

An organism developed by scientists with brand new DNA.

Question 41

A farmer has bred his pineapple plants from the sweetest pineapples in his last harvest to get even sweeter pineapple plants next time. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Selective Breeding or Artificial Selection

Answer

Transgenic Organisms

Answer

Gene Therapy

Answer

GMOs

Question 42

Which process is involved with genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Using technology to cut DNA and insert genes to get the desired traits.

Answer

Allowing organisms to reproduce with human interference.

Answer

Humans choosing individuals with desirable traits to parent the next generations.

Answer

An organism developed by scientists with brand new DNA.

Question 43

Organisms that have altered DNA and that contain genes from a different species is called?

Accepted Answer

Transgenic Organisms

Answer

Artificial Selection

Answer

GMOs

Answer

Gene Therapy

Question 44

How long have humans been selectively breeding animals and plants?

Accepted Answer

Thousands of years

Answer

Only in recent decades

Answer

Hundreds of years

Answer

Millions of years

Question 45

What does GMO stand for?

Accepted Answer

Genetically Modified Organism

Answer

General Motors Outlet

Answer

Gross Me Out

Answer

Gradually Mollified Organism

Question 46

An organism whose genetic material has been altered using gene modification is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer

Artificial Selection

Answer

Transgenic Organisms

Answer

Gene Therapy

Question 47

Humans with genetic diseases can have a gene inserted into their body using a virus. This type of genetic technology is called?

Accepted Answer

Gene Therapy

Answer

Artificial Selection

Answer

GMOs

Answer

Transgenic Organisms

Question 48

Why aren't more scientists using gene modification?

Accepted Answer

Ethics and morality concerns

Answer

Too much paperwork

Answer

Lack of funds

Answer

It takes too much time

Question 49

Advantages of genetically modified organisms include(s)?

Accepted Answer

All of these are reasons for using GMOs.

Answer

insect reistance

Answer

drought/freeze resistance

Answer

higher quantity produced

Question 50

Concerns about genetically modified organisms include(s)?

Accepted Answer

All of these are valid concerns.

Answer

risk to human health

Answer

may be harmful to ecosystems

Answer

seed/pollen drift to organic farms

Genetics and Heredity Study Guide

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