NAT SCIENCE REVIEW 4

How did ancient Greeks, particularly Aristotle, provide evidence supporting the idea that the Earth is a sphere?

• By measuring the Earth's circumference using advanced instruments.

• By observing the round shadow cast by the Earth on the Moon during lunar eclipses.

• Through circumnavigations of the known world by Greek explorers.

• By discovering the Earth's axial tilt through careful astronomical observations.

Why did Eratosthenes' observation of noontime shadows in Syene and Alexandria provide evidence for the spherical shape of the Earth?

• It demonstrated the Earth's axial tilt.

• It illustrated the effect of magnetic forces on shadows.

• It revealed the existence of different time zones.

• It indicated variations in the angle of sunlight due to the Earth's curved surface.

Based on Aristarchus' heliocentric model, what can be inferred about the ancient Greek understanding of the Earth's shape?

• The Earth is a flat, disc-shaped object.

• The Earth is a perfect sphere.

• The Earth is at the center of the universe.

• The Earth is a spherical body orbiting the Sun.

Analyzing the contributions of ancient Greek philosophers, which observation most directly supported the conclusion that the Earth is spherical?

• Aristotle's measurement of the Earth's circumference.

• Pythagoras' philosophical reasoning about celestial perfection.

• Eratosthenes' calculation of the angle of the Sun's rays.

• Aristarchus' heliocentric model of the solar system.

Which astronomical phenomenon, observable without telescopic aid, involves a periodic alignment of the Earth, Moon, and Sun, leading to variations in the brightness and shapes of the Moon?

• Solar eclipse.

• Comet appearance.

• Lunar eclipse.

• Phases of the Moon.

What astronomical phenomena were known to astronomers before the advent of telescopes?

• Planetary motion

• Stellar parallax

• Galaxies

• Sunspots

Why did ancient astronomers observe retrograde motion in the apparent movement of planets in the night sky?

• Due to the gravitational pull of other celestial bodies.

• Because planets occasionally reverse their orbits.

• As a result of the Earth's rotation on its axis.

• Owing to differences in orbital speeds between Earth and the observed planets.

In ancient times, astronomers carefully recorded the heliacal rising of specific stars. How did this astronomical phenomenon contribute to the agricultural practices of ancient civilizations?

• By predicting the timing of solar eclipses.

• By establishing the positions of planets in the night sky.

• By indicating the onset of seasons and influencing planting and harvesting schedules.

• By studying the orbits of comets and their periodic appearances.

Ancient astronomers observed the phenomenon of retrograde motion in the motion of planets. Analyze the significance of retrograde motion in the context of early astronomical observations, considering its impact on the geocentric model.

• Retrograde motion provided evidence supporting the geocentric model, confirming Earth as the center of the solar system.

• Retrograde motion challenged the geocentric model, leading astronomers to question the assumption of Earth at the center.

• Retrograde motion had no impact on early astronomical models, as it was not consistently observed.

• Retrograde motion was used to calculate the distance between planets and stars in the geocentric model.

Solar eclipses occur when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking sunlight. Lunar eclipses occur when the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, causing the Moon to enter Earth's shadow.

• First statement is true, while second statement is false.

• First statement is false, while second statement is true.

• All statements are true.

• All statements are false.