Evolution Test Two Review

The diagram shows colonies of different species of bacteria in a growth medium before antibiotic treatment, during treatment, and after treatment. Which statement describes three ways the antibiotic-resistant bacteria are able to survive?

• They survive through the processes of adaptation, learned resistance, and gradual reproduction.

• They survive through the processes of mutation, natural resistance, and rapid reproduction.

• They survive through the processes of viral infection, mutation, and gradual reproduction.

• They survive through the processes of evolution, meiosis, and rapid reproduction.

Which BEST describes how survival of the fittest relates to natural selection?

• Organisms with favorable traits will be naturally selected to pass their traits on to the next generation.

• Organisms with the lowest gene mutations will be naturally selected to pass their traits on to the next generation.

• Organisms with the most recessive genes will be naturally selected to pass their traits on to the next generation.

• Organisms living in a stable environment will be naturally selected to pass their traits on to the next generation.

Which explanation best describes the biodiversity of the finches?

• The finches adapted to different food sources.

• The finches migrated from different areas.

• The finches descended from different ancestors.

• The finches adapted to different climates.

Which statement BEST explains why the influenza vaccine must be updated every year?

• In some years, the influenza vaccine is not as strong as in others.

• In some years, the influenza vaccine kills the virus, while in other years it does not.

• The influenza virus adapts and mutates every year, so new vaccines must be produced.

• The influenza vaccine does not necessarily stimulate the immune system to produce antigens.

A population of a lizard species lives in an ecosystem. An increase in rainfall causes a river to form in the ecosystem, separating members of the population. The river remains in the ecosystem for two years. After a long period of drought, the river dries up, and the lizards live together again. The diagrams show the change to the ecosystem. Which statements BEST describe what happened to the lizards and the effect on biodiversity?

• The lizards on either side of the river did not experience gene flow and became two different species. An increase in the number of species in an area increases biodiversity.

• The lizards on either side of the river passed genetic mutations onto their offspring. Mutations decrease biodiversity as they remove unique genotypes from the gene pool.

• The lizards on either side of the river adapted their physical characteristic to their environment. Adaptations decrease biodiversity as characteristics of the original population are lost.

• The lizards on either side of the river maintained identical gene sequences. Identical gene sequences increase biodiversity by ensuring genetic information is passed onto offspring.

A scientist is performing an investigation using biochemistry. She compares the protein sequence of an unknown species to the protein sequences of four known species. Her data is shown in the table. The scientist claims that all living organisms are related by way of common descent. The comparison of which two species BEST supports her claim?

• species I and species III

• species II and species IV

• the unknown species and species II

• the unknown species and species IV

Crabs and turtles both have shells that grow from their body for protection. However, turtles have a spine, and crabs do not. What is MOST LIKELY true about the animals?

• They have similar genetic sequences.

• They must have evolved from the same ancestor.

• They have analogous structures that evolved from a different source.

• Their fossils show that their ancestor’s skeletons have homologous structures.

A scientist is constructing an argument to support the claim that birds, turtles, lizards, and penguins share a common ancestor. What type of evidence is the scientist using?

• embryology

• biochemistry

• protein sequencing

• comparative morphology

Which organisms share common ancestry? Explain.

Which statement best describes evolution?

• Evolution is a change in the gene frequency in a population over generations.

• Evolution is a change in the environmental conditions over a short period of time.

• Evolution is a change in the phenotypic makeup of a population over generations.

• Evolution is a change in the genetic makeup of an individual over a short period of time.