APWH 5.3-5.5 Checkpoint Review

Which of the following most directly explains the importance of improved agricultural productivity to the industrialization of economic production in western Europe in the period 1750–1900 ?

• Because the nutritional quality of food greatly improved, more people were able to sustain the long working hours that factory labor required.

• Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories.

• Because farmers needed less land to produce the same amount of food, they could build textile factories on the excess land.

• Because greater quantities of food could be sold at higher prices, governments could tax farmers at higher rates and use those revenues to build factories.

The industrialization of Great Britain’s economy in the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is most directly explained by which of the following?

• Britain had large reserves of petroleum.

• British scientists were the first to discover electricity.

• Britain had large reserves of coal.

• British engineers developed new methods of producing cheaper steel.

Many historians have argued that by the late nineteenth century the industrialized nations of Europe had achieved global economic dominance more through force and coercion than through the superiority of their industrial products. Which of the following nineteenth-century developments would best support this contention?

• The growth of industrial production in North America

• The growth of South American agricultural exports

• The abolition of slavery in the Americas

• The decline of the Indian textile industry’s share of global manufacturing

Which of the following factors contributed most to the increase of world population in the period 1750 to 1900 C.E.?

• A decline in the frequency and deadliness of warfare

• Improvements in agricultural productivity and food distribution

• Improvements in rural health care

• A rapid increase in birth rates throughout the globe

The image best illustrates which factor that contributed to Great Britain’s increasing prominence as a global power in the nineteenth century?

• Great Britain’s location on the Atlantic Ocean and its many waterways enabled it to import and export goods.

• Agricultural innovations, such as crop rotation and higher-yielding seeds, increased British agricultural output, kept food prices low, and freed up labor from the countryside.

• Great Britain’s rapidly growing population ensured a steady supply of industrial workers.

• Great Britain’s access to foreign resources from colonized territories provided raw materials for manufacturing.

Industrialization refers to a shift from

• hand-made to machine-made

• machine-made to hand-made

• water power to solar power

• democracy to dictatorship

Crop rotation and the seed drill led to

• an increase in hunger

• more people working on farms

• a surge in population

• a decline in population

• the invention of the spinning jenny

Eli Whitney's idea for creating interchangeable parts led directly to the

• socialist takeover of Russia

• division and specialization of labor in factories

• invention of the water frame

• need for more skilled craft workers

All of these are reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain EXCEPT

• it has a good network of rivers

• it had an absolute monarch who controlled all land and resources

• it had good sources of investment capital

• it had access to many natural resources such as coal

• it had constitutional protections for private property

Industry in the United States was helped by all of these EXCEPT

• access to many natural resources and rivers

• lots of capital available to invest in new businesses

• strict immigration restrictions which kept foreign workers out

• a government that protects the rights of citizens and businesses