Quiz about APES Unit 1 Review

Question 1

Two bird species coexist by feeding on the same type of insects in different parts of a tree. One bird species hunts insects near the top of the tree. The other bird species hunts insects near the base of the tree. Which of the following concepts is demonstrated between the two bird species?

Accepted Answer

Resource partitioning

Answer

Predator-prey

Answer

Mutualism

Answer

Parasitism

Question 2

In Mediterranean climate regions like portions of California, a wetter-than-normal winter often leads to greater severity of fires the following summer. This seeming paradox occurs because increased rain leads to

Accepted Answer

greater accumulation of chapparal biomass

Answer

greater recreational use of parklands

Answer

greater erosion and damage of access roads

Answer

decreased summer rainfall

Question 3

Which of the following biomes is best characterized as an area that forms the narrow band along the coast that experiences a range of environmental conditions (including daily changes in sunlight, temperature, and water) ?

Accepted Answer

Intertidal zones

Answer

Open ocean

Answer

Lakes

Answer

Coral reefs

Question 4

Where is the majority of fresh water found on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Ice caps and glaciers

Answer

Groundwater

Answer

Lakes

Answer

Oceans

Question 5

Organisms adapted to surviving in water with the widest range of salinity would most likely be native species in which of the following marine environments?

Accepted Answer

An estuary within a lagoon

Answer

An offshore barrier reef

Answer

The ocean covering the abyssal plain

Answer

The photic zone in the open ocean

Question 6

How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to the net increase in atmospheric carbon?

Accepted Answer

Carbon that has been sequestered underground is added to the carbon cycling between the atmosphere and the biosphere.

Answer

Photosynthesis is reduced by virtue of increased smoke and haze.

Answer

Carbon released by the burning is not in a form that can be readily absorbed by plants, leaving residual carbon in the atmosphere.

Answer

Carbon released by the burning is more easily absorbed in the atmosphere than that produced by natural means.

Question 7

Which of the following is true of carbon as it cycles in nature?

Accepted Answer

Carbon sinks include forests and oceans.

Answer

Carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis.

Answer

Carbon compounds rarely exist in the gaseous state.

Answer

The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is reduced by cutting trees.

Question 8

The diagram shows a simplified carbon cycle. Which of the following major storage reservoirs of carbon, stored in the form of carbon dioxide, is not represented in this diagram?

Accepted Answer

The ocean

Answer

Algae

Answer

Soil bacteria

Answer

The Moon

Question 9

Based on the diagram, which of the following processes reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Decomposition

Answer

Burning of fossil fuels

Question 10

Based on the diagram, which process most directly results in the storage of carbon as coal and oil over millions of years?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Burning of fossil fuels

Question 11

The annual fluctuation in carbon dioxide concentration can best be explained by the

Accepted Answer

seasonal photosynthetic activity of green plants

Answer

seasonal use of fossil fuels

Answer

regularity of volcanic activity

Answer

deforestation in the tropics

Question 12

The two major processes involved in the carbon cycle are

Accepted Answer

photosynthesis and respiration

Answer

weathering and erosion

Answer

evaporation and transpiration

Answer

erosion and deposition

Question 13

A field is abandoned, and an invasive plant that can live in nutrient-poor soil moves into the field. If the land is later cleared of this invasive species and it is discovered that the soil has an abundance of nitrogen compounds, what conclusion can best be made?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria in soil and in root nodules converted free nitrogen into nitrogen compounds.

Answer

The plants used up all of the phosphorus and potassium and left the nitrogen behind.

Answer

Primary succession always produces an abundance of nitrogen.

Answer

More rock was weathered and broken down to release nitrogen compounds.

Question 14

The major reservoirs of nitrogen and sulfur in the biosphere are correctly identified by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

N: atmosphere, S: rocks

Answer

N: rocks, S: rocks

Answer

N: rocks, S: atmosphere

Answer

N: atmosphere, S: atmosphere

Question 15

Which process in the nitrogen cycle releases nitrogen gas into the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Denitrification of soil nitrates by bacteria

Answer

Leaching of fertilizers from agricultural areas

Answer

Assimilation of soil nitrates by plants

Answer

Bacteria fixation of nitrogen in soil

Question 16

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles is correctly paired with its largest reservoir?

Accepted Answer

The nitrogen cycle and the atmosphere

Answer

The hydrologic cycle and living things

Answer

The phosphorus cycle and bacteria

Answer

The carbon cycle and glaciers

Question 17

The greatest amount of fresh water is found in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Polar ice caps and glaciers

Answer

The atmosphere

Answer

Estuaries

Answer

Rivers and streams

Question 18

Which of the following best describes gross primary productivity in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Gross primary productivity is the total amount of solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.

Answer

Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy captured by producers plus the energy used by consumers over time.

Answer

Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy captured by producers minus the energy that producers respire over time.

Answer

Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy lost as heat during energy transfer between trophic levels.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the net primary productivity of an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

Answer

Net primary productivity is the amount of energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.

Answer

Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost by producers through respiration over time.

Answer

Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers added to the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

Question 20

The ultimate source of energy for terrestrial ecosystem is

Accepted Answer

the Sun

Answer

nutrients in soil

Answer

primary consumers

Answer

producers

Question 21

Scientists calculated the net primary productivity at two different forest sites. Both forests have the same gross primary productivity. Forest A has a net primary productivity of 1,650kcal/m²/year, and forest B has a net primary productivity of 1,110kcal/m²/year. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data?

Accepted Answer

Forest A producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest B producers.

Answer

Forest A has a higher rate of decomposition by bacteria than forest B.

Answer

Forest A has more biodiversity than forest B.

Answer

Forest A producers have more biomass than forest B producers.

Question 22

Of the following ecosystems, which has the lowest net primary productivity, measured as kilocalories of energy produced per square meter per year?

Accepted Answer

Open ocean

Answer

Taiga (boreal forest)

Answer

Temperature grassland

Answer

Estuary

Question 23

For a primary producer, the main function of photosynthesis is to manufacture

Accepted Answer

glucose

Answer

oxygen

Answer

carbon dioxide

Answer

water

Question 24

Which of the following best describes the movement of energy in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Energy is harnessed by producers, and available energy decreases with each trophic level transfer.

Answer

Energy is constantly recycled by decomposers for use by producers.

Answer

Energy is absorbed by plants through water and soil and then moves up the food chain through consumers.

Answer

Energy is magnified as it moves up the trophic levels, and tertiary consumers store the most energy in a food web.

Question 25

The table shows the balanced chemical equations that represent three processes that are part of the nitrogen cycle. Which of the following is exemplified by the equations?

Accepted Answer

Each biogeochemical cycle demonstrates the conservation of matter.

Answer

Approximately 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.

Answer

In a food web, energy flows and matter is cycled.

Answer

The major reserve for nitrogen is in the atmosphere.

Question 26

Based on the laws of thermodynamics, which of the following is the applied mathematical routine used to estimate the biomass of the mice in the pyramid?

Accepted Answer

18,705 kg x 0.10 x 0.10

Answer

18,705 kg x 10

Answer

18,705 kg / 10 x 100

Answer

18,705 kg / 0.10

Question 27

In a given ecosystem, producers convert solar energy into 15,000kcal of chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Which of the following is the most likely amount of energy available to secondary consumers?

Accepted Answer

150 kcal

Answer

1.5 kcal

Answer

1,500 kcal

Answer

13,500 kcal

Question 28

Defined as an energy transformation occurs and results in increased disorder.

Accepted Answer

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer

Kinetic energy

Answer

Potential energy

Answer

First law of thermodynamics

Question 29

Which of the following best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

In a closed system of constant mass, the energy involved in any physical or chemical change is neither created nor destroyed, but merely changed from one form to another.

Answer

Energy always changes from a more useful, more concentrated form to a less useful, less concentrated form.

Answer

In a reversible process, the entropy of the system is constant, whereas in an irreversible process, the entropy of the system increases.

Answer

Entropy of a system increases as the state of disorganization in the system increases.

Question 30

This question is based on the following table of organisms in an ecological community. The X in a cell indicates that the organism is eaten by the consumer in the first column. Based on the data in the table, which of the following pairs of organisms has two ecological relationships, both competition and predation?

Accepted Answer

Hawks and snakes

Answer

Spiders and shrews

Answer

Spiders and snakes

Answer

Spiders and grasshoppers

Question 31

Which of the following best explains why decomposers in soils and water are important to ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

They recycle nutrients.

Answer

They remove heavy metals.

Answer

They store carbon dioxide.

Answer

They produce more oxygen than they consume.

Question 32

The feeding relationships between several marine organisms are shown in the food web. Based on the diagram, which of the following best describes the most likely direct effect of a decline of the small fish population on the marine food web?

Accepted Answer

The jellyfish population will increase because of decreased predation.

Answer

The jellyfish population will experience local extinction because of a lack of food resources.

Answer

The jellyfish population will migrate to an area with more available habitat for eggs.

Answer

The jellyfish population will decrease from the increase in the sea turtle and tuna populations.

APES Unit 1 Review

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