The internet structure

What is the purpose of standards in networking?

• To specify how software and hardware components must work

• To increase the cost of network devices

• To limit the functionality of devices

• To create a monopoly for certain manufacturers

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A-Level

What does a protocol define in a network?

• The physical layout of the network

• The colour of the network cables

• The brand of devices used in the network

• The set of rules for communication between two devices

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A-Level

Which of the following is a well-known protocol stack?

• Wi-Fi

• Bluetooth

• Ethernet

• All mentioned

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A-Level

Which organisation is responsible for the creation of network standards?

• Standards organisations

• Software development companies

• Individual manufacturers

• Internet service providers

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A-Level

Organise these protocols into the right layer

Groups:

(a) Application Layer

,

(b) Transport Layer

,

(c) Internet Layer

,

(d) Link Layer

• HTTPS

• UDP

• IP

• ETHERNET

• IMAP

• DHCP

• POP

• FTP

• TCP

• IPv4

• SMTP

• HTTP

• WI-FI

• IPv6

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A-Level

The ​ (a)   layer is concerned with production and reception of data. It packages data and passes it to the ​ (b)   layer.​ The ​ (c)   layer is concerned with making and breaking connections via rothers. The​ (d)   layer is concerned with providing links across different network types. This ​​ layer is an essential feature of the internet that allows interoperability between connected systems. The ​ (e)   layer passes data to the physcial network. It can work with any media such as copper wire, optical fibre and wireless.

• application
• transport
• internet
• link

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A-Level

This layer contains all the programs that exchange data, such as the web browser or server software; it sends files to the transport layer. This layer allows applications to access the services used in other layers and also defines the protocols that any app uses to allow the exchange of data.

• Application layer

• Transport

• Internet (Network)

• Link

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A-Level

This layer regulates the network connections; this is where the data is broken up into packets which are then sent to the internet layer (IP protocol). This layer ensures that packets arrive in sequence, without errors, by swapping acknowledgements and retransmitting packets if they become lost or corrupted. The main protocols associated with this layer are TCP, UDP and SCTP.

• Application

• Transport

• Internet

• Link

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A-Level

The stack is a conceptual model that outlines the ​ (a)   and procedures for ​ (b)   between devices on the internet. It consists of four layers: the Application layer, Transport layer, Internet layer, and Link layer. Each layer performs specific ​ (c)   to ensure data is ​ (d)   reliably across networks.

(e)  

• TCP/IP
• protocols
• communication
• functions
• transmitted

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A Level

Protocol ​ (a)   involves organising ​ (b)   protocols into a hierarchical structure, where each layer performs specific ​ (c)   and interacts with ​ (d)   layers. This design simplifies network design, facilitates ​ (e)   , and allows for easier implementation of new technologies without affecting existing layers.

• layering
• communication
• functions
• interoperability
• adjacent

Tags

A Level