Different forms of a gene are called

• hybrids

• dominant factors

• alleles

• recessive factors

Which of the following statements is false?

• Performing a cross to produce an F1 generation can be used to show if an allele is dominant.

• The F1 generation is always hybrids.

• An F1 cross produces an F2 generation.

• All of the offspring of a cross may exhibit the same trait.

How was Mendel able to cross-pollinate his pea plants and keep them from self-pollinating?

• By manually transferring pollen from one plant to another

• By using insects to transfer pollen

• By allowing the wind to transfer pollen

• By covering the plants with a cloth

Which of the following best explains how a trait is inherited and what causes it to vary among individuals?

• Traits are inherited through genes, and variation is caused by mutations and environmental factors.

• Traits are solely determined by environmental factors, with no genetic influence.

• All individuals inherit traits in the same way, without any variation.

• Traits are randomly assigned, with no influence from genes or the environment.

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A Punnett square is not useful in determining which of the following?

• the possible genotypes that can result from a cross

• the probabilities of particular genotypes occurring

• the exact number of offspring that result from a cross

• the variety of phenotypes that can result from a cross

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Which of the following statements is false regarding a cross between two Tt parents?

• One-fourth of the offspring is predicted to be tt.

• Three-fourths of the offspring are predicted to exhibit the dominant trait.

• The offspring can be heterozygous or homozygous.

• An offspring is more likely to inherit a T allele than a t allele.

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Which of the following best summarizes the four basic principles of genetics that Mendel discovered in his experiments?

• Law of Segregation, Law of Independent Assortment, Law of Dominance, and Law of Uniformity

• Law of Segregation, Law of Independent Assortment, Law of Dominance, and Law of Recombination

• Law of Independent Assortment, Law of Dominance, Law of Uniformity, and Law of Inheritance

• Law of Segregation, Law of Independent Assortment, Law of Dominance, and Law of Probability

Distinguish between the terms phenotype and genotype and between the terms homozygous and heterozygous.

• Phenotype refers to observable traits, genotype to genetic makeup; homozygous means two identical alleles, heterozygous means two different alleles.

• Phenotype refers to genetic makeup, genotype to observable traits; homozygous means two different alleles, heterozygous means two identical alleles.

• Phenotype and genotype both refer to observable traits; homozygous and heterozygous refer to genetic conditions.

• Phenotype and genotype both refer to genetic makeup; homozygous means having one allele, heterozygous means having more than two alleles.

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Human ABO blood types are examples of traits that

• exhibit both codominance and complete dominance.

• exhibit both codominance and multiple alleles.

• are polygenic traits.

• are influenced by the environment.

Approximately 20 percent of the world’s adult population are able to digest milk sugar (lactose). They are "lactose tolerant." This trait is known to be controlled by a single dominant gene. Therefore, we would expect that

• no lactose tolerant individuals have two biological parents that are lactose intolerant.

• all lactose tolerant individuals to be heterozygous for the gene.

• 60 percent of lactose intolerant individuals would be heterozygous.

• all children of lactose tolerant parents will also be lactose tolerant.

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