LAB. Infection and Cytokine detection

What is the primary role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in periodontal disease?

• Enhancing bacterial colonization

• Stimulating biofilm formation

• Eliciting a host immune response

• Triggering an anti-inflammatory response

Which of the following is NOT the consequence of plaque solidifying into calculus on tooth surfaces?

• gum swelling

• bleeding

• systemic spread

• acid production

Which of the following cytokines is NOT involved in innate immunity in the context of periodontal disease?

• IL-4

• IL-8

• IL-6

• TNF-a

Which one of the following cytokines does NOT contribute to adaptive immunity in periodontal disease?

• IL-4

• IL-10

• IL-17

• TNF-a

Which virulence factor molecule of A.a contributes to the lysis of white blood cells (WBCs)?

• Capule

• Adhesin

• Leukotoxin

• LPA

Which molecule of Aa does NOT mediate apoptosis induction in periodontal disease?

• Leukotoxin

• Protease

• Cytolethal distending toxin

• Lipid A

Apart from IL-6, other cytokines are involved in chronic inflammation in periodontal disease, except for which one?

• IL-1a

• IL-1b

• TNF-a

• IFN-a

How does ELISA quantify analyte quantity?

• Through color development

• By measuring sample volume

• Using radioactive isotopes

• Calculating enzymatic activity

How does ELISA accomplish accurate quantification of analytes?

• By measuring the rate of enzyme catalysis

• Through the use of fluorescent probes

• By establishing a standard curve with known analyte concentrations

• By monitoring changes in pH during the reaction

What is the rationale behind conducting bacterial infection at various Multiplicities of Infection (MOI)?

• Observe the infectivity

• Measure a robust cytokine

• Investigate cell death

• Increase virulence factor