The Red Scare and Cultural Changes in 1920s America

The red scare of 1919-1920 was provoked by

• the wartime migration of rural blacks to northern cities.

• urban immigrants' resistance to prohibition.

• public anger at evolutionary science's challenge to the biblical story of the Creation.

• the public's fear that labor troubles were sparked by communist and anarchist revolutionaries.

• Russian Communism's threat to American security.

Disillusioned by war and peace, Americans in the 1920s did all of the following except

• denounce radical foreign ideas.

• condemn un-American lifestyles.

• struggle to achieve economic prosperity.

• shun diplomatic commitments to foreign countries.

• restrict immigration.

Businesspeople used the red scare to

• oppose enactment of the American plan.

• break the backs of fledgling unions.

• campaign for the enactment of the "closed" shop.

• secure passage of laws making unions legal.

• reduce prices on consumer goods for Americans.

The most tenacious pursuer of radical elements during the red scare of the early 1920s was

• Frederick W. Taylor.

• William Jennings Bryan.

• Eugene Debs.

• Robert La Follette.

• A. Mitchell Palmer.

The post-World War I Ku Klux Klan advocated all of the following except

• immigration restrictions against "non-native" Americans.

• anti-Semitism.

• opposition to prohibition

• repression of pacifists

• anti-Catholicism

The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s was a reaction against

• capitalism.

• new immigration laws passed in 1924.

• the nativist movements that had their origins in the 1850s.

• race riots.

• the forces of diversity and modernity that were transforming American culture.

The Ku Klux Klan nearly collapsed in the late 1920s when

• the immigration restriction laws of the early 1920s were repealed.

• the organization was publicly exposed as a corrupt and cynical racket.

• the advent of radio led to a new level of public knowledge and tolerance.

• the Klan proved unable to implement its program.

• both political parties sharply criticized the Klan as un-American.

Immigration restrictions of the 1920s were introduced as a result of

• increased migration of blacks to the North.

• the nativist belief that northern Europeans were superior to Southern and Eastern Europeans.

• a desire to rid the country of the quota system.

• the desire to halt immigration from Latin America.

• the rampant spread of infectious diseases from southern and eastern European immigrants to native-born Americans across all of America.

Cultural pluralists like Horace Kallen and Randolph Bourne generally advocated that

• Spanish and German should be recognized as official languages of the United States along with English

• "one hundred percent Americanization" of all southern and eastern European immigrants was necessary for America to retain its democratic and cosmopolitan culture

• immigrants to the United States could and should remain politically loyal to their original nations

• immigrants should be able to retain their traditional cultures rather than blend into a single American melting pot

• the full-fledged preservation of ethnic identity and cross-fertilization among immigrants were both unheallthy and dangerous cultural trends that threatened to the longer-term health and democratic nature of America1

The Immigration Act of 1924 discriminated directly against

• Canadians and West Indians.

• northern and western Europeans.

• Latin Americans.

• Jews and Muslims.

• southern and eastern Europeans and Japanese.