Why haven't African nations benefited more from their mineral wealth?

• They did not discover the minerals until very recently.
• Corrupt governments took much of the profits from mining.
• People with traditional beliefs oppose digging the land.
• A lack of universities led to a shortage of engineers.

What is the greatest challenge to subsistence farmers in the Sahel?

• too much rain
• lack of technology
• scarcity of fresh water
• land at high elevations

What was responsible for the formation of Africa's Great Rift Valley, lakes and volcanoes?

• deforestation
• desertification
• erosion
• plate tectonics

What process alters the land through the action of humans? (Check all that apply)

• deforestation
• desertification
• erosion
• elevation

Which statement best reflects an effect of imperialism on Africa?

• Land was distribute equally between social classes
• Territorial divisions were primarily established using tribal boundaries
• Natural resources were exploited for the benefit of European powers
• Timbuktu, the Mali Empire, because the center of great learning

How is ecotourism important to preserving the land and animals in Africa?

• Natural resources are carefully mined to protect the environment
• Endangered animals are moved to either Kenya or South Africa
• Visitors are taught to protect the animals and responsibly use the land and resources
• The size of the grasslands is reduced giving tourists more opportunity to see the animals on the savanna

Nigeria's economy has relied on its oil industry to create jobs. When world oil prices dropped, their economy collapsed. What causes this problem?

• global interdependence
• self- sufficiency
• overpopulation
• political instability

Which is a result of desertification for the people living in the Sahel region?

• increased tourism
• more jobs in manufacturing
• increased starvation and poverty
• decreased support from the United Nations

Most people who live in the Sahel or Sahara are nomadic. Why do people who live in these regions need to move from place to place?

• to search for oil to export
• because they must constantly find water and grazing areas
• to escape industrial pollution
• because they are in search of better climates as the seasons change

What language in the Bantu/Niger-Congo family is most spoken in Africa? (7-1.4)

• English
• Swahili
• Arabic
• Bantu