Minerals & Rocks in the Geosphere Unit 8 Test

Kelly is walking on the beach when she finds an interesting rock. She picks it up, examines it, and wonders what type of rock it is and how the rock was formed. What type of rock did Kelly find, and how can you tell?

• Sedimentary; because you can see bits of broken shell sediment that makes rock.

• Metamorphic; because you can see bits of broken shell by heat and pressure that makes up rock.

• Igneous; because you can see bits of broken shell because it was formed from cooled magma or lava.

Use the information below to answer questions 2-4. Sam is creating a computer model to present to his classmates so they can compare the properties of each layer of Earth. Choose the words that correctly complete the sentences below. The ________ should be the thickest layer of Sam’s model, and the ________ should be the thinnest layer.

• mantle; crust

• outer core: mantle

• crust; Inner core

• inner core; crust

Sam is not sure what the difference is between the inner core and the outer core. Read each word or phrase that describes the inner core of Earth.

• Solid, hottest layer, under the most pressure

• Solid, causes the magnetic field

• Solid, liquid, under the most pressure

Sam is not sure what the difference is between the inner core and the outer core. Read each word or phrase that describes the outer core of Earth.

• Liquid, hottest layer, under the most pressure

• Liquid, causes the magnetic field

• Liquid, under the most pressure

A student is watching a video in order to understand how convection in the mantle of Earth occurs. The video shows rock rising and sinking to make convection currents in the mantle. Which process is responsible for causing rock to rise?

• Rock is heated.

• Rock rapidly cools off.

• Rock increases in density.

• Rock undergoes intense pressure.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Do rocks always follow the same steps when they go through the rock cycle?

• Yes, they follow the sedimentary sequencing rock formation: Weathering and erosion, transportation, deposition, compaction, and cementation.

• No, rocks do not always follow the same steps because sometimes rocks undergo pressure and sometimes it is worn down.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which of the following can occur after a rock is weathered?

• It forms metamorphic rock.

• It melts and forms igneous rock.

• The sediment can form magma.

• It gets compacted and forms sedimentary rock.

How can pressure cause rocks to change? Choose the words that correctly complete the sentences below. The cementing of small pieces of rock or shell______ rock to form. When rocks are buried below the surface, pressure combined with heat causes______ rock to form.

• Sedimentary; metamorphic

• magma; sedimentary

• metamorphic; sedimentary

• igneous; magma

Choose the words that correctly complete the sentences below. Any mineral can scratch any mineral ______ than itself, and it can be scratched by any mineral that is ______.

• softer; harder
• heavier; harder

• harder; softer

• cleavable; softer

Maria gets a kit that lets you grow a mineral. The instructions say to pour a packet of liquid into a small container and to place the container in a sunny area. Maria follows the directions, and when the liquid evaporates, she observes tiny minerals that are left behind in the container. What is this process called?

• oxidation

• crystallization

• altering minerals

• organic mineral formation

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4