World History Midterm Review

How does this timeline of European political and intellectual history represent the time period 1400 to 1900?

• It shows the rise of interest in new ideas about science and medicine.

• It shows the rise of new ideas and learning and the impact on politics.

• It shows the interest in new worlds and new societies in the New World.

• It shows how important the government was to the development of culture.

"...In the 1920s, Slyvanus G. Morley of Harvey, probably the most celebrated Mayanist of his day, espoused [argued for] what is still the best- known theory: The Maya collapsed because they overshot the carrying capacity of their environment. They

exhausted their resource base, began to dire of starvation and thirst, and fled their cities en masse, levaving them silent warnings of the perils of ecological hubris [overconfidence]..." z

Source: Charles C. Mann, 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, 2006

According to the passage, what was a major question Morley was trying to answer about the Mayans in the 1930s?

• How did religious beliefs affect the Maya economy?

• What was the structure of the Maya governments?

• Which neighboring city-state conquered the Mayans?

• Why did the Mayas abandon their cities?

Based on the chart and your knowledge of social studies, which area of the world received the largest number of captured Africans to work as slaves between 1500 and 1870?

• Spanish America

• Caribbean Islands

• British North America

• Portuguese Brazil

Use the source below to answer the following question.

“First, the Roman Catholic Church was the only church at this time [500 -1500]. As such, it was felt to have a monopoly on religious knowledge and on the relationship between Europeans and God.This gave it tremendous power over people’s lives. The Church did much to determine how people would live since it said what was permissible and what was not. Second, the Church was a major political force during this time. Kings and queens wanted and needed papal approval, particularly when they were somewhat weak ( as in times of conflict over succession ) . This, among other things, allowed the Church to exercise political power as it could help to determine which claimants to a throne would be deemed acceptable. There was a long history of tension between the church and secular authority over this and other political issues.”

Source: Adapted from Drias Bachir, Geoffrey Chaucer's The Caterbury Tales in Context, 2016

How did the power of the Roman Catholic Church affect political rule during the European Middle Ages?

• Europeans’ relationship with God and their ruler was dictated by their local churches.

• Secular rulers needed approval from the church to legitimize their decisions.

• The Pope chose all leaders, both secular and religious, during the Middle Ages.

• Weak leaders used military power when they lacked authority during times of conflict.

Use the source below to answer the following question.

"On a November day in 1095, in Auvergne, France, Pope Urban II gave one of the most important speeches in world history as he presided over an assembly of important clergymen and officials of the Catholic Church. In his fiery speech, he described the encroachment of the Muslims in Byzantine and in the holy places of Jerusalem. He urged his listeners to begin a holy war against the forces of Islam, and thus the First Crusade was born."

Source: Joseph Cummins, "How did the Crusades affect exploration and trade?" 2018

Why did Pope Urban II order the Crusades?

• To find new economic opportunities and fame (gold & glory).

• To expand Islam and the power of the Pope around the world.

• To develop new trade routes with civilizations beyond Europe.

• To regain the Holy Land in the Middle East from Muslims.

Use the source below to answer the following question. Which statement can BEST be supported by the information provided by this graph?

• The Indian population in Mexico steadily increased between 1500 and 1700.

• The effects of the Spanish conquest was most severe between 1500 and 1540.

• The Spanish conquest of Mexico improved life between 1500 and 1540.

• The Spanish colonial influence in Mexico had quickly ended by 1700.

Using the information provided by the map, one valid conclusion that can be drawn about Indian Ocean trade networks is that they...

• Connected India to the Middle East and to East Africa.

• Prevented cultural contact between Africa and Persia.

• Hindered the expansion of East African coastal cities.

• Promoted migration between the West and East Africa.

If the man in the state of nature is free, if he is the absolute lord of his own person and possessions, why will he give up his freedom? Why will he put himself under the control of any person or institution? The obvious answer is that rights in the state of nature are constantly exposed to the attack of others. Since every man is equal and since most men do not concern themselves with equity and justice, the enjoyment of rights in the state of nature is unsafe and insecure. Hence every man joins in society with others to preserve his life, liberty, and property.

• The creation of government based on a social contract

• The continuation of absolute monarchy

• The elimination of laissez-faire economics

• The rejection of the natural rights philosophy

Which title BEST completes the graphic organizer?

• Causes of the Industrial Revolution

• Results of the Nationalist movement in Asia

• Reasons for Latin American Independence

• Impact of the Scientific Revolution

Use the source below to answer the following question.

Along the west coast of Africa, from the Cameroons in the south to Senegal in the north, Europeans built some sixty forts that served as trading posts. European sailors seeking riches brought rum, cloth, guns, and other goods to these posts and traded them for human beings. This human cargo was transported across the Atlantic Ocean and sold to New World slave owners, who bought slaves to work their crops. European traders such as Nicolas Owen waited at these forts for slaves; African traders transported slaves from the interior of Africa. Equiano and others found themselves sold and traded more than once, often in slave markets. African merchants, the poor, royalty -- anyone -- could be abducted in the raids and wars that were undertaken by Africans to secure slaves that they could trade. The slave trade devastated African life. Culture and traditions were torn asunder, as families, especially young men, were abducted. Guns were introduced and slave raids and even wars increased.

Source: PBS, The African Slave Trade and the Middle Passage What is the role of trade in the changing of African culture?

What is the role of trade in the changing of African culture?

• Trade among Africans increased the blending of cultures which were adopted by families causing a vibrant new culture in West African kingdoms.

• African life was destroyed by the introduction of new diseases from Europeans causing political unrest and tribal warfare to increase in African kingdoms.

• The desire for wealth by Europeans and the increased African demand for manufactured goods caused massive slave raids, wars, and a decline in African native traditions.

• European’s aspiration for world economic dominance and natural resources caused an increased need for labor resulting in an economic boom in the interior of Africa.