Week 4 Coursera

According to the text, what is one reason why the lecture on emotions is longer than usual?

• To explore the concept of physicalism

• To analyze the structure of the brain

• To discuss the history of modern psychology

• To introduce ideas about evolution and its relevance to psychology

What is the argument from design as discussed in the text?

• The argument that humans are not influenced by their environment

• The argument that humans are the product of aliens

• The argument that complex structures like the eye must have a designer

• The argument that evolution is a random process

What is the distinction between ultimate causation and proximate causation as explained in the text?

• Ultimate causation refers to the environmental factors influencing a trait, while proximate causation refers to genetic factors

• Ultimate causation and proximate causation are synonymous terms

• Ultimate causation refers to the immediate psychological reason for a trait, while proximate causation refers to the evolutionary reason

• Ultimate causation refers to the evolutionary reason for a trait, while proximate causation refers to the immediate psychological reason

What is the primary function of facial expressions according to Paul Ekman?

• To serve as social signals and convey emotions

• To hide true emotions from others

• To confuse others about one's feelings

• To indicate physical pain

Why is the evolution of kindness considered a puzzle in the context of natural selection?

• Because kindness is not a universal emotion

• Because free riders always outcompete altruists in a population

• Because kindness is not a trait that can be passed down genetically

• Because altruistic behavior seems to contradict the survival of the fittest principle

What is the concept known as when individuals tend to believe that the spotlight is on them and others notice them more than they actually do?

• Self-serving bias

• Confirmation bias

• Spotlight effect

• Halo effect

Which bias leads individuals to attribute positive traits to themselves more than negative traits?

• Confirmation bias

• Self-serving bias

• Lake Wobegon effect

• Insufficient justification effect

What is the term used to describe the tendency to seek out information that supports existing views rather than challenging them?

• Halo effect

• Confirmation bias

• Insufficient justification effect

• Self-serving bias

In the insufficient justification effect experiment, what was the task given to individuals who were paid a dollar or $20?

• Exciting task

• Boring task

• Difficult task

• Simple task

What is the term used to describe the phenomena where individuals tend to attribute positive accomplishments to themselves and negative outcomes to external factors?

• Spotlight effect

• Lake Wobegon effect

• Self-serving bias

• Confirmation bias