Translation Quiz

What is the role of mRNA in translation?

• It brings amino acids to the ribosome.

• It forms the structure of the ribosome.

• It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.

• It activates tRNA molecules.

Answer explanation

mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, allowing the ribosome to read the code and synthesize proteins during translation.

What is the function of tRNA in translation?

• It synthesizes new mRNA strands.

• It carries specific amino acids to the ribosome.

• It forms the peptide bonds between amino acids.

• It provides energy for translation.

Answer explanation

tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, facilitating the translation process by ensuring the correct amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain.

What is the role of elongation factors in translation? (NIC)

• They help in the recognition of stop codons.

• They assist in the binding of tRNA to the ribosome.

• They catalyze the formation of peptide bonds.

• They initiate the translation process.

Answer explanation

Elongation factors assist in the binding of tRNA to the ribosome during the translation process.

What is the primary structure of a protein?

• Its amino acid sequence

• Its alpha-helix and beta-sheet organization

• Its overall 3D structure

• The arrangement of multiple protein subunits

Answer explanation

The primary structure of a protein refers to its amino acid sequence, making the correct answer choice 'Its amino acid sequence'. This sequence determines the protein's overall structure and function.

What type of bond is formed between amino acids during protein synthesis?

• Hydrogen bond

• Ionic bond

• Peptide bond

• Disulfide bond

Answer explanation

A peptide bond is formed between amino acids during protein synthesis, linking the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another, creating a chain of amino acids known as a polypeptide.

What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

• They replicate DNA.

• They synthesize mRNA.

• They read the codons and assist in orientating the amino acids into the correct position

• They transport proteins.

Answer explanation

Ribosomes read the codons and assist in orientating the amino acids into the correct position during translation.

What is a codon?

• A three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that recognizes a specific amino acid.

• A three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

• A binding site for ribosomes on mRNA.

• A sequence of three amino acids.

Answer explanation

A codon is a three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid, making it the correct choice among the options provided.

What is an anticodon?

• A three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

• A sequence of three amino acids.

• A three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA.

• A binding site for ribosomes on mRNA.

Answer explanation

An anticodon is a three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA, allowing tRNA to bring the correct amino acid during protein synthesis.

How many different amino acids are there?

• 20

• 64

• 100

• 22

Answer explanation

There are 20 different amino acids. Each has a unique structure and function in protein synthesis.

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

• The sequence of amino acids

• The alpha-helix and beta-sheet organization

• The overall 3D structure of a single protein molecule

• The arrangement of multiple protein subunits

Answer explanation

The tertiary structure of a protein refers to the overall 3D structure of a single protein molecule, including the folding and arrangement of its secondary structures.