generally designed to run on a class of systems

with variety of peripherals

• OS

• Operating Systems

• I/O Operations

• Communications

Varies between Command-Line (CLI), Graphics

User Interface (GUI), touch-screen, Batch

The system must be able to load a program into

memory and to run that program, end execution,

either normally or abnormally

• Program Execution

• Command Line Interpreter (CLI)

• Error Detection

• System Call Implementation

A running program may require I/O, which may

involve a file or an I/O device

• I/O Ports

• Protection and Security

• I/O Operations

• Resource Allocation

The file system is of particular interest. Programs

need to read and write files and directories, create

and delete them, search them, list file

Information, permission management.

• Debugging Facilities

• File-system Manipulation

• System Call Interface

• System Calls

Processes may exchange information, on the

same computer or between computers over a

network

• System Call Interface

• Network Process

• Communications

• User Operating System Interface – GUI

OS needs to be constantly aware of possible

errors

• Error Detection

• Security

• Protection

• Error Call

can greatly enhance the user’s and

programmer’s abilities to efficiently use the

system

• Debug

• Debugging Facilities

• Resource Allocation

• System Call Interface

When multiple users or multiple jobs running

concurrently, resources must be allocated to each

of them

• Network Resources

• System Calls

• Resource Allocation

• Registry

To keep track of which users use how much and

what kinds of computer resources

• Log Tracking

• Security Tracking

• Computer Log Tracking

• Logging