Assume a group of scientists has managed to set up an experiment simulating the conditions of early Earth that resulted in a cell with DNA using RNA to produce proteins from amino acids as modern cells do. What conclusion could they draw from this experiment?

It is possible for a cell similar to a modern cell to form under the conditions of the experiment.

Modern cells developed from inorganic compounds in the conditions that existed on early Earth.

The conditions of their experiment exactly replicated the conditions found on early Earth.

The way modern cells function is the only way a cell could be constructed and survive.

Which of the following best compares the structures of lipids and carbohydrates?

Both consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but carbohydrates have repeating structural units and lipids do not.

Both are made up of monosaccharide monomers, but lipids are hydrophobic and carbohydrates are hydrophilic.

Both contain carbon and hydrogen, but carbohydrates also contain oxygen and lipids contain nitrogen.

Both have a carbon backbone, but lipids also have an amino group and carbohydrates have a carboxylic acid group.

Which of the following best describes the difference between the functions of nucleic acids and enzymes?

Nucleic acids contain the genetic code for protein synthesis, while enzymes catalyze chemical reactions.

Nucleic acids are used as the building blocks of proteins, while enzymes are used as the building blocks of phospholipids.

Nucleic acids inhibit biochemical reactions, while enzymes provide structural support in cells.

Nucleic acids transmit signals that begin biochemical processes, while enzymes convert carbohydrates into lipids and proteins.

Some proteins catalyze biochemical reactions. If a genetic defect prevented a protein catalyst from being produced, which of the following do you predict would happen in the cell?

The reaction the protein catalyzes would proceed very slowly or not at all.

The cell would find a different type of protein to catalyze the reaction.

The reaction the protein catalyzes would only occur in some places in the cell.

The reverse reaction of the one the protein catalyzes would begin to proceed.

Which of the following best summarizes why the technological invention of microscopes was important to biology?

It allowed for development of the cell theory.

It created a means of funding for cell research.

It created public interest and support for research.

It proved that cells could form spontaneously.

Early elements of the cell theory followed soon after the development of Hooke's light microscope. What does this relationship suggest about the evolution of the cell theory since Hooke?

Improvements in technology are closely related to changes in the cell theory.

Isolated scientists contributed pieces of the cell theory to form the whole.

Progress on the cell theory was delayed by a lack of technological progress.

Scientists needed to focus less on cells and more on microscope development.

Which statement best compares a eukaryote and a prokaryote?

Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes have few specialized structures.

Eukaryotes have a cell wall, while prokaryotes have a cell membrane.

Eukaryotes use active transport to move substances across the cell membrane, while prokaryotes use facilitated diffusion.

Eukaryotes use flagella to move themselves through substances, while prokaryotes are not able to move.

Which of the following best compares the structures found in plant cells and animal cells?

Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts, cell walls, or a large central vacuole while plant cells do.

Animal cells contain cell walls and a large central vacuole while plant cells contain cell membranes and many small vacuoles.

Plant cells contain rough endoplasmic reticulum and a Golgi apparatus while animal cells contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum surrounded by lysosomes.

Plant cells have rigid cell walls and do not contain mitochondria or ribosomes while animal cells do.

Which of the following best compares the membranes found in different types of cells?

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have cell membranes, but eukaryotes also have membrane-bound organelles.

Animal cells have cell membranes and cell walls, but plant cells do not have cell membranes.

Animal cells have membrane-bound organelles, while plant cells carry out the functions necessary for life in the cytoplasm.

Prokaryotes have only cell membranes, while eukaryotes have both cell walls and cell membranes.

Oxygen is a product of photosynthesis. The primary role of this oxygen in cellular respiration is to

act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water.

yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the respiratory chain.

combine with carbon, forming CO2.

combine with lactate, forming pyruvate.

Which equation describes what happens in photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O + energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

C6H12O6 + O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

CO2 + O2 + H2O + energy → CH2O + O5

Which of the following best compares the processes of mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis involves one division cycle and results in diploid daughter cells, while meiosis consists of two division cycles and results in haploid gametes.

Mitosis involves one division cycle and results in haploid gametes, while meiosis consists of two division cycles and results in diploid daughter cells.

Mitosis involves two division cycles and results in diploid daughter cells, while meiosis consists of one division cycle and results in haploid gametes.

Mitosis involves two division cycles and results in haploid gametes, while meiosis consists of one division cycle and results in diploid daughter cells.

Which of the following best explains why meiosis results in greater genetic diversity than mitosis?

During meiosis, chromosomes assort themselves independently of each other, which allows for more different possible combinations of chromosomes.

After meiosis, daughter cells are diploid and have twice as much genetic material, which can be divided in many more possible combinations.

After meiosis, haploid daughter cells are fertilized, which doubles their number of chromosomes and increases the number of possible genes.

During meiosis, more daughter cells are produced, which increases the likelihood that fertilization will occur.

Which of the following best describes how the process of crossing over during meiosis leads to an increase in genetic diversity?

During prophase I, DNA segments are exchanged between homologous chromosomes, resulting in different combinations of alleles.

During prophase I, DNA replication takes place, and homologous chromosomes trade places with each other before lining up in preparation for metaphase.

During prophase II, fragments of DNA break off of chromosomes and attach to the ends of other chromosomes, resulting in different gene sequences.

During prophase II, sister chromatids separate from each other, and as they travel to opposite ends of the cell, DNA segments of nearby chromosomes are exchanged.

Some organisms are able to reproduce asexually through mitosis, while cells of organisms that reproduce sexually will undergo meiosis to produce gametes. Which process do you predict would be most beneficial to a species during a drastic change in environmental conditions?

Meiosis; it results in more genetic variation, which would help ensure the species will survive.

Meiosis; it results in more daughter cells, which increases the population of the species.

Mitosis; it results in more genetic mutations, which may be advantageous to the species.

Mitosis; it results in more offspring in a short time, which increases the odds that some will survive.

The allele for brown eyes is dominant to the allele for blue eyes. Which of the following best explains how two brown-eyed parents could produce a blue-eyed child?

Each parent must be carrying the recessive allele for blue eyes.

Eye color is a sex-linked trait and male children could have only the allele for blue eyes.

Mutations after fertilization could alter gene sequences and change alleles.

One parent must have had only blue-eyed parents.

In pea plants, the allele for white flowers is recessive to the allele for purple flowers. In a generation of pea plants, 89 plants produced purple flowers and 31 plants produced white flowers. Which of the following is the best conclusion you can make about the parent plants of this generation?

Both parent plants are heterozygous for flower color.

Both parent plants were homozygous with purple flowers.

One parent plant had white flowers and the other was heterozygous for flower color.

One parent plant was heterozygous for flower color and the other was homozygous with purple flowers.

Why do cells need both tRNA and mRNA?

The tRNA is used on the ribosomes and the mRNA is used in the nucleus.

Only tRNA bends into a shape that can carry specific amino acids.

Only mRNA can be used to repair mistakes in the DNA sequence.

The mRNA brings information to the nucleus for the tRNA to use.

A cell is replicating its DNA. Part of the DNA strand reads A-C-G-C-T-A-C. The new strand built off this section reads T-G-C-G-A-T-G. What effect might this have when the DNA replicates in the future?

When the new strand is used as a template the strand built from it will differ from the original DNA.

Cells having the new DNA version will look or operate differently from cells with the original DNA.

Only the sections of DNA without mistakes will be used in the future so the DNA strand will shorten.

The DNA will be exactly like the original since only the original strand of DNA is used as a template.

Which of the following best explains the difference in the amount of energy available in each trophic level of this food web?

There is more available energy in the seal than there is in the phytoplankton

There is more available energy in the penguin than there is in the zooplankton

There is less available energy in the seal than there is in the phytoplankton

There is less available energy in the zooplankton than there is in the penguin

Which of the following correctly traces the energy transfer through the trophic levels in the marine food web shown below?

Phytoplankton → krill → fish → seal

Fish → sea birds → seal → penguin

Seal → sea birds → fish → phytoplankton

Zooplankton → phytoplankton → krill → squid

Which of the following describes how the amount of energy changes as it flows from one trophic level to the next in the marine food web shown below?

Energy decreases as it is transferred from zooplankton to fish, since zooplankton are producers and fish are consumers.

Energy increases as it is transferred from penguins to seals, since seals are more massive than penguins.

When krill consume phytoplankton, about 90 percent of the phytoplankton’s energy is transferred to the krill.

When sea birds consume fish, about 10 percent of the fish’s energy is transferred to the sea birds.

Many insects, such as mosquitoes and dragonflies, spend their juvenile stage as aquatic larvae before becoming winged and airborne adults. Most years, these insects are extremely abundant in the Arctic tundra in summer. What might account for this?

Pools of water which make good breeding areas are plentiful in summer as the permafrost melts.

Adult insects spend the long Arctic winter laying thousands of eggs under the ice of frozen ponds.

Many insects migrate long distances to take advantage of good breeding areas in the tundra.

Summer rains in the Arctic tundra replenish breeding ponds that dried up during the winter.

Rainbow trout need at least 6.0 mg/L of dissolved oxygen to survive. Biologists are trying to reestablish rainbow trout in a mountain stream but the stream only has 5.5 mg/L of dissolved oxygen. Which of the following would be the most useful to encourage the development of the rainbow trout population?

Pull out aquatic plants growing in the stream to allow oxygen to accumulate.

Create more bends in the stream to allow the water to slow down.

Cut down trees along the stream to allow more sunlight to warm the water.

Remove dams along the stream to allow the water to flow faster.

Which of the following describes how an abiotic factor can impact the population dynamics in an ecosystem?

Organisms that compete for the same resources will keep each other from overpopulating.

A parasite that invades a host can reproduce and cause a decline in the host species population.

Predators will prevent herbivores from depleting the plants and other resources in an ecosystem.

Seasonal variations in temperature can cause some of the individuals in a population to die.

If a snake species were introduced to an ecosystem where it had no natural predators, what long-term effect do you predict the snakes would have on the population dynamics of the ecosystem?

They would compete with native snake species for resources, causing a decline in native snake populations and possibly extinction.

They would breed with native snake species, resulting in an increase in biodiversity in the ecosystem.

They would form mutualistic relationships with native snakes, since they would occupy the same niche in the ecosystem.

They would serve as a food source for predators of native snakes, causing an increase in native snake populations.

Carbon Dioxide is important in our atmosphere because it is required for photosynthesis and traps some heat, keeping the Earth warm. However, human produced carbon dioxide is a problem because it

leads to higher global temperatures.

disrupts the natural cycling of other greenhouse gases.

add too much carbon dioxide to the oceans.

causes uncontrolled photosynthesis.

The choices that humans make every day affect the environment. Sometimes, our lifestyles can harm the environment rather than protect it. Which of the following would be most helpful in protecting the environment and achieving sustainability?

Using reusable bags instead of plastic ones.

Choosing to buy larger quantities of items to reduce packaging waste.

Planting a garden to provide food and reduce the need for transportation of food items.

The activities that take place to meet human needs can often be harmful to ecosystems. By developing sustainable practices, however, we can help protect our environment. Which of the following changes would be most helpful in reaching sustainability?

Planting trees to replace those that are cut down by logging

Building more water treatment facilities

Tilling soil to improve soil fertility and increase crop production

Using natural gas for fuel instead of burning petroleum

How is the scientific theory of evolution supported by the comparison of the skulls and skeletons of modern humans and extinct hominids?

Similarity in skull shapes, hands, and hips between extinct hominids and humans supports a common ancestry.

By making the hip, spine, and skull comparisons, the age of different hominid specimens can be determined.

Comparison of skull and skeletons provides evidence that humans and different hominid species interacted.

Skull and skeleton comparisons can explain why hominids were inferior and became extinct while humans evolved.

Refer to the diagram below showing handprints of a chimpanzee and a human. What does this comparison suggest about the evolution of humans and chimpanzees?

The handprints indicate that chimpanzees and humans share a common ancestor.

The handprints show a direct evolutionary line from chimpanzees to humans.

The handprints demonstrate that human hands are less capable than those of chimpanzees.

The handprints reveal that chimpanzees evolved from humans.

Based on the illustration above, what do the similarities between human and chimpanzee hands and feet suggest about the two different organisms?

Humans and chimpanzees both developed five digits on their hands and feet, suggesting they have a common ancestor.

Chimpanzees and humans both have hands and feet adapted for walking upright, showing they have identical DNA.

Chimpanzees and humans both have similar hands for grasping, proving they make and use complex tools.

Humans and chimpanzees both have thumbs, proving they eat similar foods like meat, nuts, and vegetation.

Paleontologists have compared modern human skeletons to fossils of hominids from two to five million years ago, before the appearance of modern humans. They found certain features, like the shape of their hips and the way the spine supported the body, was similar to the modern human skeletal structure. Which of the following best describes why the discoveries of the hominid fossils are important for understanding modern human evolution?

They are evidence of transitional species that show how modern humans evolved from ape-like ancestors.

They are important for understanding how modern human pelvic bones are necessary for upright walking.

They provide evidence that modern humans and chimpanzees are not related by a common ancestor.

They show that modern humans had to compete with other upright bipedal hominids for food and resources.

A group of well-separated islands in the Pacific Ocean has a population of hibiscus plants that produce either orange or white flowers. On one of the islands, most of the hibiscus plants were killed a few years ago by a volcanic lava flow. Why is there a greater percentage of orange hibiscus plants on this island than on the other islands?

The limited population size after the lava flow resulted in a limited gene pool, causing genetic drift in future generations of hibiscus plants on this island.

Cross pollination across the islands without the lava flow caused the percentage of orange flowers to dramatically change on these islands over time.

The hibiscus plants on the island that had the lava flow suffered from a higher mutation rate than plants on other islands, causing a difference in the populations.

Orange flowering hibiscus plants were better adapted to survive lava flows, so white hibiscus were naturally selected out of the population on the island.

Water frogs that live on Greek islands in the Mediterranean were separated from mainland water frogs when salt-water levels rose to form the islands, allowing differences in the isolated populations to develop. Suppose one large group of frogs on the mainland uses a low-pitched call to attract mates while otherwise identical frogs on a nearby island use a high-pitched call. A boat carries a few high-pitched frogs in its cargo to the mainland. Which of the following answer choices best predicts the outcome of this event?

The frogs from the islands introduce new genes to the mainland gene pool, causing a change of pitch in the mainland frog population.

The frogs from the islands are quickly eliminated by natural selection because they sound different than the mainland frogs.

The mainland frogs learn to make high-pitched calls and pass on this adaptation in their genes to future generations.

The mainland frogs respond to competition with the new frogs by genetically mutating their offspring to produce high-pitched calls.

Suppose a family of black wolves migrates across a land bridge to a region supporting a large population of gray wolves. A few generations later, the population consists entirely of wolves with black and gray markings. Which of the following best describes the mechanism that caused this change in the population of the wolves in the region?

The flow of black wolf genes across the land bridge added to the gray wolf population's gene pool, increasing the frequency of the genes for black fur in the population.

Genetic mutations naturally occurred in the black and gray wolf populations, resulting in both groups simultaneously developing black and gray coat markings.

The gray wolves selected other gray wolves over black wolves as mates, causing a limit to the gray wolf gene pool that resulted in genetic drift.

The wolves with gray coats had to compete for resources with the successful black wolves, so they adapted their coats to mimic the black wolves.

Due to human encroachment, the range of the Florida panther has been reduced to a very small area in South Florida. Predict the long-term effect of this isolation on the conditions required for natural selection.

It would reduce the panthers' capacity for inherited variation and would leave them vulnerable to disease and genetic abnormalities.

It would boost the panthers' population by limiting their reproductive territory and would eventually decrease the populations of their prey animals.

It would increase the panthers' ability to hunt successfully and would eventually lead to an increase in their numbers.

It would limit the panthers' variety of food sources and they would all eventually become extinct due to starvation.

In which of the domains would it be easiest to determine the phylogenetic relationships among organisms?

The Animalia are easiest because they are large enough that their morphological characteristics are clearly visible.

The Archaea are easiest because they are the most ancient and have the greatest amount of genetic variation among them.

The Bacteria are easiest because they have the smallest amounts of DNA which can be sequenced quickly.

The Eukaryotes are easiest because they tend not to share genetic material with each other except when they are reproducing sexually.

Which of the following provides the best argument for separating Archaea and Bacteria into their own domains instead of leaving them together in the single kingdom, Monera?

It was discovered that they make their membranes differently and copy their DNA differently.

Genetic analyses showed that Archaea are much more ancient than Bacteria.

Phylogenetic studies showed they have evolved different ways of storing their DNA in their nuclei.

The kingdom was getting much too large as new species were discovered.

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Bio EOC Fl Virtual School Practice School

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Biology

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10th Grade

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Practice Problem

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Hard

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NGSS

HS-LS4-1, HS-LS3-2, HS-LS4-5

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Eric Vicaria

Used 16+ times

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70 questions

Show all answers

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

If a company claims that its product has been proven scientifically, which of the following should have taken place if the results are to be considered reliable?

The company should have held discussions with leading industry scientists.

Technology should have been used in both the gathering of data and data analysis.

Results should have been peer reviewed and repeated producing the same findings.

The results of the investigation should have been published in popular magazines.

Based on your knowledge of scientific investigations, which stage of scientific investigation did the invention of the microscope significantly advance?

Communicating the results of experimentation

Gathering the data for the investigation

Generating explanations of phenomena

Planning the investigation and experimentation

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A student is conducting an investigation to determine the effect of temperature on the metabolism of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Yeast and sugar are added to water, the gas produced is captured, and its volume is recorded. Which variables should be held constant during this investigation?

Mass of sugar and water temperature

Mass of yeast and mass of sugar

Volume of gas and water temperature

Volume of gas and mass of yeast

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Scientific law and a scientific theory are similar in that both

are based on what we expect to happen based on natural history.

describe the events that can be observed in nature.

explain why events and conditions occur as they do in the natural world.

represent a large amount of scientific investigation and evidence.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

To help patients replenish bodily fluids quickly during an illness, doctors need to understand how cells behave in their environment. Doctors have confidence in what they know about how cells behave because

cell theory has been tested, refined, and observed to be true over hundreds of years

large medical institutions have conducted their own experiments justifying cell theory

the basics of cell theory have not changed much since the original experiments

what we know about cell theory has been published in reputable journals

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following best describes a result of the polar nature of water molecules?

Ionic compounds dissolve easily in water.

The volume of water decreases by nearly half when it is frozen.

Water molecules repel each other.

Water molecules repel most other substances.

In which of the following circumstances would it be most likely for large organic molecules to form during a laboratory experiment?

If amino acids and nucleic acids both formed

If oxygen were slowly added as the experiment progressed

If RNA segments that could act as catalysts formed

If the mixture were repeatedly heated and cooled

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