a “well-informed sense of assurance that the information risks and controls are in balance.”

Security professionals must review the origins of this field to understand its impact on our understanding of information security today

Original communication by mailing tapes

Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA)

Examined feasibility of redundant networked communications

Larry Roberts developed ARPANET from its inception

ARPANET is predecessor to the Internet

ARPANET grew in popularity

Potential for misuse grew

Fundamental problems with ARPANET security

Individual remote sites were not secure from unauthorized users

Vulnerability of password structure and formats

Early focus of computer security research

System called Multiplexed Information and Computing Service

First operating system created with security as its primary goal
Mainframe, time-sharing OS developed in mid-1960s

GE, Bell Labs, and MIX

Networks of computers became more common

Need to interconnect networks grew

Internet became first manifestation of a global network of networks

Initially based on de facto standards

In early Internet deployments, security was treated as a low priority

Millions of computer networks communicate

Many of the communication unsecured

Ability to secure a computer’s data influenced by the security of every computer to which it is connected

Growing threat of cyber attacks has increased the need for improved security

• - The quality or state of being secure—to be free from danger

• - protection of information and its critical elements

The protection of all communications media, technology, and content.

Protection of the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information assets, whether in storage, processing, or transmission, via the application of policy, education, training and awareness, and technology.

need to secure the physical location of computer technology from outside threats.