Edexcel A Level Biology Cell Differentiation Worksheet

What is cell specialization?

• Cell specialization is the process of cells multiplying uncontrollably within an organism.

• Cell specialization is the process of cells losing their ability to perform specific functions.

• Cell specialization is the process of cells becoming identical in structure and function.

• Cell specialization is the process by which cells develop specific functions to perform within an organism.

Explain the concept of stem cells and their importance in biology.

• Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability to develop into different cell types, crucial for tissue repair and regeneration.

• Stem cells have no role in tissue repair or regeneration.

• Stem cells are only found in plants, not in animals.

• Stem cells are fully differentiated cells with no ability to change.

Describe the process of cell differentiation.

• Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized in structure and function.

• Cell differentiation is the process of cells becoming identical in structure and function.

• Cell differentiation is the process of cells multiplying rapidly.

• Cell differentiation is the process of cells losing their specialized functions.

How is gene expression regulated during cell differentiation?

• DNA methylation, histone modification, transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs

• Chromosomal rearrangement, Mitochondrial function, Ribosomal assembly

• Protein synthesis, DNA replication, Cell division

What are the different types of stem cells?

• Embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells

• Mesenchymal stem cells

• Placental stem cells

• Multipotent stem cells

Discuss the role of transcription factors in cell differentiation.

• Transcription factors are only involved in DNA replication

• Transcription factors play a crucial role in cell differentiation by regulating gene expression and controlling the specialization of cells.

• Transcription factors have no impact on cell differentiation

• Cell differentiation is solely controlled by external factors

What is the significance of cell signaling pathways in cell specialization?

• Cell specialization occurs randomly without the need for signaling pathways

• Cell signaling pathways are essential for coordinating the process of cell specialization.

• Cell signaling pathways have no impact on cell specialization

• Cell signaling pathways hinder the process of cell specialization

Explain the epigenetic changes that occur during cell differentiation.

• Epigenetic modifications in cell differentiation primarily affect the cell's ability to produce energy.

• Epigenetic changes during cell differentiation involve DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling.

• Epigenetic changes involve protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and cell division.

• During cell differentiation, epigenetic changes are related to cell size, shape, and color.

How do pluripotent stem cells differ from multipotent stem cells?

• Pluripotent stem cells can only differentiate into a limited range of cell types.

• Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body, while multipotent stem cells can only differentiate into a limited range of cell types.

• Multipotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body.

• Pluripotent stem cells and multipotent stem cells have the same differentiation capabilities.

Discuss the ethical considerations surrounding the use of stem cells in research and therapy.

• Ethical considerations include concerns about the source of stem cells, consent of donors, potential for misuse, and ensuring transparency in research practices.

• Researchers do not need to disclose the source of stem cells

• Ethical concerns are irrelevant in stem cell research

• Stem cells have no potential benefits