11.3 Regulating the cell cycle

What are cell cycle checkpoints and why are they important?

• Cell cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms that ensure proper progression through cell cycle stages and prevent errors from being passed on to daughter cells.

• Cell cycle checkpoints are a myth created by scientists

• Cell cycle checkpoints are locations where cells stop dividing permanently

• Cell cycle checkpoints are only relevant in plant cells

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Explain the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in regulating the cell cycle.

• CDKs inhibit cell cycle progression by dephosphorylating target proteins

• CDKs promote cell death instead of cell cycle progression

• CDKs regulate the cell cycle by phosphorylating target proteins in coordination with cyclins, facilitating cell cycle progression.

• CDKs have no role in regulating the cell cycle

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How are cyclins regulated during the cell cycle?

• Cyclins are regulated by their localization in the nucleus.

• Cyclins are regulated by their interaction with lipids.

• Cyclins are regulated by their phosphorylation only.

• Cyclins are regulated by their synthesis and degradation.

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Discuss the function of tumor suppressors in cell cycle regulation.

• Tumor suppressors function by accelerating cell cycle progression

• Tumor suppressors function by inducing DNA damage in cells

• Tumor suppressors function by halting cell cycle progression, promoting DNA repair, and preventing the growth of cells with damaged DNA.

• Tumor suppressors function by promoting cell growth in damaged cells

What are cell cycle inhibitors and how do they affect cell division?

• Cell cycle inhibitors promote uncontrolled cell growth

• Cell cycle inhibitors are molecules that regulate the cell cycle by targeting specific checkpoints or proteins involved in cell division, leading to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis.

• Cell cycle inhibitors have no impact on cell division

• Cell cycle inhibitors are enhancers of cell division

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Why is it important to regulate the cell cycle in cells?

• To ensure proper cell division, prevent uncontrolled growth (cancer), and maintain tissue homeostasis.

• To induce mutations

• To disrupt tissue homeostasis

• To promote cell growth

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What is the G1 checkpoint and what happens if it is not properly regulated?

• The G1 checkpoint is a critical control point in the cell cycle that ensures cells are ready to divide. If it is not properly regulated, it can result in uncontrolled cell division and potentially lead to tumor formation.

• Failure to regulate the G1 checkpoint results in decreased cell growth

• If the G1 checkpoint is not properly regulated, it leads to increased cell differentiation

• The G1 checkpoint is a non-essential step in the cell cycle

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Describe the relationship between cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in cell cycle progression.

• Cyclins bind to and activate cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) to regulate cell cycle progression.

• Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) function independently in cell cycle progression.

• Cyclins have no impact on cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in cell cycle progression.

• Cyclins inhibit the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in cell cycle progression.

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How do tumor suppressors prevent uncontrolled cell growth?

• By regulating cell division and promoting cell death when necessary.

• By promoting mutations in DNA

• By inhibiting cell death

• By encouraging cell growth and division

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Explain the role of p53 in cell cycle regulation and its significance in preventing cancer.

• p53 regulates the cell cycle by inducing cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, or apoptosis in response to DNA damage, thereby preventing the proliferation of cells with damaged DNA and reducing the risk of cancer.

• p53 promotes uncontrolled cell division leading to cancer

• p53 has no role in cell cycle regulation

• p53 induces cell cycle progression without repair mechanisms