Impacts of Industrial Revolution and World System Theory

Each image shows a different way that products of the Industrial Revolution were transported. Which of the following statements best compares the impacts of the two forms of transportation?

• Both forms of transportation required use of sustainable energy resources.

• Both forms of transportation discouraged the growth of cities.

• The form of transportation in image A allowed for more global transportation of goods, while the form of transportation in image B allowed for more local transportation of goods.

• The form of transportation in image A generally transported goods, while the form of transportation in image B generally transported people.

• Both forms of transportation accelerated production and distribution of goods.

Which of the following explains the most significant weakness of Wallerstein’s world system theory?

• World system theory relies on a global system of trade, without which industrializing states like Brazil could not develop economically.

• World system theory provides little explanation about how a country like South Korea could rise from a peripheral country to a core economy.

• World system theory does not factor labor as a resource that all countries are dependent on for economic development.

• The levels of development described in world system theory have little in common with the levels described in Rostow’s stages of growth.

• World system theory does not explain that historical core countries, like China, could decline and be reclassified as semiperiphery.

California’s Silicon Valley is an example of a high-technology region. Which of the following would best accompany the map shown to help explain the origins of this high-technology region?

• A description of high-technology multinational corporations such as Google and Apple that have located their headquarters in the area

• A description of how edge cities such as Palo Alto and San Jose formed on the periphery of the San Francisco-Oakland metropolitan area

• A description of how residential suburbs such as Redwood City and Cupertino formed within the San Francisco-Oakland metropolitan area

• A description of the construction of interstate highways in California and how development occurred at the transportation nodes created by major highway intersections

• A description of how the area’s research institutions, including Stanford University and the NASA Ames Research Center, served as growth poles for development

The image shows an open-pit coal mine in the United States. Which of the following best explains a limitation of the image in analyzing economic patterns of coal mining?

• It does not indicate the pattern of environmental impacts associated with open-pit coal mining.

• It does not indicate potential health risks associated with working at a coal mine.

Silicon Valley in California is famous as the home to many businesses that produce high-tech products or serve high-tech companies. This demonstrates the principle of

• Market dependence

• Outsourcing

• Back office processing

• Post-Fordism

• Agglomeration economies

In a bulk-gaining industry

• Companies make weight-gain supplements

• Production centers are far from their markets

• Companies make money buying and selling bulky items

• Maquiladoras provide the labor force

Which of the following as an example of a bulk-reducing industry?

When compared to fossil fuels, alternative energy sources generally:

• Are more efficient

• Are less sustainable

• Are more expensive

• Require less investment

• Create more waste

In a right-to-work state, workers cannot:

• Be paid overtime for more than 40 hours of work a week

• Negotiate a contract with an employer without a union

• Join a union if their employer forbids it

• Be fired without proof of cause

• Be forced to join a union as a condition of employment

Alfred Weber’s Least Cost Theory takes into account all of the following EXCEPT: