Chp. 20 Review

1. Christopher Columbus set sail on ​ (a)   (date) from a Spanish port with 3 ships the Nina, the Pinta and the ​ (b)   .  Columbus and his crew landed ashore on ​ (c)   , 1492.  They thought they had reached the East ​ (d)   , but really they were on an island in the ​ ​ (e)   .  

• Aug. 3, 1492
• Santa Maria
• Oct. 12th
• Indies
• Bahamas
• Dec. 25th
• Asia

Columbus mistakenly called the Natives that lived there ​ (a)   which translates to Indians.  Columbus claimed this land for Spain and called it ​ (b)   which translates to “Holy Savior”. Columbus returned to Spain and told the monarchs what he had discovered, they were delighted and financed 3 more trips.  Columbus was no longer an explorer but an ​ (c)   builder, he commanded 17 ships, 1,000 soldiers and colonists.  Spain’s plan was to turn the islands into ​ (d)   which means lands controlled by another nation.

• Indios
• San Salvador
• empire
• colonies
• Native Americans
• West Indies
• explorer
• territories
• conquerors

1. The ​ (a)   were the first of the Europeans to settle in the Americas.  After landing in Mexico, Cortes learned of a vast and wealthy empire, the ​ (b)   .  Cortes had only ​ (c)   conquistadors with him, when they reached the Aztec capital of ​ (d)   , the Aztec emperor ​ (e)   was convinced that Cortes was  a god wearing armor.

• Spanish
• Aztecs
• 600
• Tenochtitlan
• Montezuma II
• Portuguese
• Mayans
• 200
• Cuzco
• Atahualpa

1. Montezuma II agreed to give Cortes part of their gold, but Cortes admitted that he had a disease of the ​ (a)   that only ​ (b)   could cure! While celebrating a religious festival, many Aztec warriors and chiefs were murdered by the conquistadors.  The Aztecs drove the Spaniards out.  Cortes would gather the help of various native groups who did not approve of the Aztecs harsh ways including ​ (c)   .  Even though the Spaniards were outnumbered, their ​ (d)   and ​ (e)   were way more powerful than the Aztecs arrows. 

• heart
• gold
• human sacrifice
• muskets
• cannons
• horses
• sailing ships

The Spaniards also brought an invisible warrior with them…._______________.

1. In 1532 another Spanish conquistador named ​ (a)   marched into South America and his army of only 200 met the Incan ruler ​ (b)   .   Atahualpa commanded 30,000 men and brought several thousand mostly ​ (c)   men to meet with Pizarro.  The Spaniards waited and ambushed the unarmed Incan warriors and took Atahualpa captive.

• Francisco Pizarro
• Atahualpa
• unarmed
• Hernan Cortes
• Moctezuma
• weapons
• Horses

After the Inca ruler was captured, he offered the Spaniards a room full of ​ (a)   and two rooms full of ​ (b)   for his release.  After receiving the ransom, the Spaniards ​ (c)   the Incan king.  Pizarro and his men marched to the Incan capital of ​ (d)   and captured the city without a struggle.

• gold
• silver
• strangled
• Cuzco
• diamonds
• emeralds
• poisoned
• Lima
• rubies

1. Spain’s American colonies helped make Spain the richest and most powerful nation in the world in the 16th century.  Ships filled with ​ (a)   from the Americas were continually sailing into Spanish Harbors.  This ushered in a ​ (b)   of art and culture in Spain. Spain would also increase their ​ (c)   might.  To protect all that treasure coming in they built a powerful ​ (d)   to protect their ships. 

• Treasures
• golden age
• military
• Navy
• Silver
• Renaissance
• Castle
• Diamonds

1. Other European explorers were reaching North America and claiming land for their country.  One of these explorers was a Frenchman named ​ (a)   who reached the eastern coast of ​ (b)   .  He would travel inland down a river until he reached an island that he named ​ ​ (c)   meaning Mount Royal, this would later become Montreal. 

• Jacques Cartier
• Canada
• Mont Real
• Christopher Columbus
• Hernan Cortes
• Amerigo Vespucci
• John Cabot
• Francisco Pizarro

1. Another French explorer named Samuel de La Salle had 32 colonists with him and they founded _________________.  Quebec would become the base of France’ colonial empire in North America.