Anatomy of the Heart

What are the layers of the heart wall that need to be described according to the lecture roadmap?

• Pericardium, myocardium, endocardium

• Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

• Epicardium, pericardium, myocardium

• Myocardium, endocardium, pericardium

Which structures are included in the primary internal structures of the heart that students should identify and describe?

• Chambers, septa, ligaments, and venous and arterial openings

• Chambers, septa, valves, and papillary muscles

• Chambers, valves, arteries, and veins

• Chambers, septa, valves, and chordae tendineae

What does the lecture roadmap suggest students should identify on the external surface of the heart?

• The 2 chambers and the coronary sulcus

• The 4 chambers and the coronary sinus

• The 4 chambers, the coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus, anterior interventricular sulcus & posterior interventricular sulcus

• The 4 valves and the coronary arteries

According to the lecture roadmap, what should students discuss about the cardiac conduction system?

• The SA node, the AV node, and the impact of the respiratory system on heart rate

• The SA node, the AV node, and its branches, and the effect of the autonomic nervous system on heart rate

• The SA node, the pulmonary veins, and the effect of the autonomic nervous system on heart rate

• The SA node, the coronary arteries, and the effect of the circulatory system on heart rate

What aspect of blood flow related to the heart should students be able to describe?

• The blood flow to and from the heart muscle, including the location of the veins and arteries

• The blood flow to and from the heart wall, including the location of the openings for the left and right coronary arteries, and its major branches

• The blood flow through the heart valves, including the location of the coronary sinus

• The blood flow to and from the heart chambers, including the location of the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae

Where does the heart sit in relation to the midline of the body?

• Directly on the midline

• Slightly right of the midline

• Slightly left of the midline, at an angle

• Far left of the midline

How is the heart rotated in the body?

• Rotated so the left border sits more anteriorly, right border more posteriorly

• Not rotated; it is perfectly symmetrical

• Rotated so both borders are equally anterior

• Rotated so the right border sits more anteriorly, left border more posteriorly

What is the name of the inferior, conical end of the heart?

• Base

• Apex

• Septum

• Atrium

Which direction does the apex of the heart project towards?

• Right side of the body

• Directly inferiorly

• Left side of the body

• Anteriorly

Where is the heart located?

• In the abdominal cavity

• In the mediastinum, surrounded by lungs

• In the cranial cavity

• Above the diaphragm