Clotting AKI/CKD

Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) AKI

,

(b) CKD

• A life-time problem

• Rapid onset

• GFR

• Can be reversed

• Creatine

• BUN

• Most commonly caused by uncontrolled diabetes

Which of these meals could a person with CKD have?

• grilled chicken salad with lettuce leaves, cucumbers and a light vinaigrette dressing

• a green smoothie containing spinach, avocado, banana, and protein powder

• beef liver, mac & cheese, and pudding for desert

• overnight oats containing dried apricots, pomegranate, and yogurt

The kidneys are no longer able to produce bicarb what Acid Bace are we going to see?

• Metabolic acidosis

• Metabolic alkalosis

• respiratory alkalosis

• respiratory acidosis

A patient with acute renal injury has a GFR (glomerular filtration rate) of 40 mL/min. Which signs and symptoms below may this patient present with? Select all that apply:

• Hypervolemia

• Hypokalemia

• Increased BUN level

• Decreased Creatinine level

Answer explanation

The glomerular filtration rate indicates how well the glomerulus is filtering the blood. A normal GFR tends to be 90 mL/min or higher. A GFR of 40 mL/min indicates that the kidney’s ability to filter the blood is decreased. Therefore, the kidneys will be unable to remove waste and excessive water from the blood…hence hypervolemia and an increased BUN level will present in this patient. The patient will experience HYPERkalemia (not hypo) because the kidneys are unable to remove potassium from the blood. In addition, an INCREASED creatinine level (not decreased) will present because the kidneys cannot remove excessive waste products, such as creatinine.

Select all the patients below that are at risk for acute intra-renal injury?

• A 45 year old male with a renal calculus.

• A 65 year old male with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

• A 25 year old female receiving chemotherapy.

• A 6 year old male with acute glomerulonephritis.

• An 87 year old male who is taking an aminoglycoside medication for an infection.

Answer explanation

These patients are at risk for an intra-renal injury, which is where there is damage to the nephrons of kidney. The patients in options A and B are at risk for POST-RENAL injury because there is an obstruction that can cause back flow of urine into the kidney, which can lead to decreased function of the kidney. The patient in option D is at risk for PRE-RENAL injury because there is an issue with perfusion to the kidney.

Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) Hemodialysis

,

(b) Peritoneal dialysis

,

(c) CRRT

• Continuous for a long time

• Patient is not Hemodynamically stable

• Dialysis done at home

• 1-3 hours 3 days a week

• Patient can not maintain HR or BP

• High risk for infection

• Patient is hemodynamically stable

• AV fistula

A 55 year old male patient is diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. The patient’s recent GFR was 25 mL/min. What stage of chronic kidney disease is this known as?

• Stage 1

• Stage 3

• Stage 4

• Stage 5

Your patient with chronic kidney disease is scheduled for dialysis in the morning. While examining the patient’s telemetry strip, you note tall peaked T-waves. You notify the physician who orders a STAT basic metabolic panel (BMP). What result from the BMP confirms the EKG abnormality?

• Phosphate 3.2 mg/dL

• Calcium 9.3 mg/dL

• Magnesium 2.2 mg/dL

• Potassium 7.1 mEq/L

A pateint with hypertension has damaged blood vessels, what pathway was damaged?

• Extrinsic pathway

• Intrinsic pathway

• Virchow's Triad

• Arterial thrombosis

Select the true statment regarding Virchow's Triad

• The 3 clotting factors that cause clotting to occur which include; Endothelial damage, Hypercoagulability, and stasis

• The 2 clotting factors that cause clotting to occur which include; Endothelial damage, Hypercoagulability

• Just having the 3 genes for Factor V Leiden