Descritivismo

In the context of translation studies, what does the term 'polysystems' refer to?

• The concept of multiple systems within a culture

• The process of translation interference

• The analysis of translation tendencies

• The study of translation shifts

Toury (1995/2012, ) define __________ como "os valores ou ideias gerais compartilhadas por uma comunidade [...] traduzidos em instruções de desempenho adequadas e aplicáveis a situações específicas, indicando o que é prescrito e proibido, e também o que é tolerado e permitido em uma determinada dimensão comportamental p. 63).

• Lei

• Norma

• Universal

• Função

What is the main difference between the abstract theory of translation possibilities and the descriptive level of translation norms?

• The abstract theory focuses on specific translation rules, while the descriptive level focuses on general values

• The abstract theory is based on concrete situations, while the descriptive level is theoretical

• The abstract theory considers all potential translations, while the descriptive level looks at likely translation outcomes

• The abstract theory is concerned with individual translators, while the descriptive level looks at collective translation practices

According to the text, what was the norm for translating foreign verse into French in the nineteenth century?

• To omit the verse from the translation

• To adapt the verse into a different poetic form

• To translate the verse into prose

• To maintain the original verse form

How does the text describe the relationship between translations and cultures within polysystems?

• Translations are considered central to cultural systems

• Translations are viewed as peripheral within cultural systems

• Translations are believed to have no impact on cultural systems

• Translations are seen as independent of cultural systems

What is the main role of norms in translation studies according to Toury?

• To translate general values into concrete instructions

• To provide guidelines for literal translations

• To enforce rigid translation rules

• To limit the options available to translators

What term did Gideon Toury use to describe the process of making do with less words in translations?

• Simplification

• Unique items

• Explicitation

• Equalizing

According to Sonja Tirkkonen-Condit, what kind of linguistic elements tend to be less frequent in translations?

• Common items

• Specific items

• Unique items

• High-frequency items

What is the term used by Blum-Kulka to describe the process of making translations more redundant?

• Redundancy

• Equalizing

• Explicitation

• Simplification

What is the general 'law of growing standardization' proposed by Gideon Toury in the context of translation tendencies?

• Translations become more specific to a given text over time

• Translations become simpler over time

• Translations become more ambiguous over time

• Translations become more complex over time