M2 and 3: Concepts and Perception

The processing of visual information for recognizing objects and that for acting on objects is:

• the same, with both functions needing similar kinds of information to be successful

• is different, with object recognition requiring stability in the visual information and acting on objects requiring constantly changing information

• is different, with object recognition requiring constaintly changing information and acting on objects requiring stability in the visual information

A person with _______ damage would have difficulty with picking up objects through their center of gravity.

• parietal cortex

• temporal cortex

• subcortical

• spinal

An individual with damage to ____ would have difficulty making conscious estimates of size.

• ventral temporal

• dorsal parietal

• subcortical

• none of these is correct

The Linkenauger et al. (2009) study on participants estimates of how far they could reach with their right and left hands illustrated that

• for both left and right handers, the ease of reaching with one's dominant hand led participants to perceive an item as closer to themselves (or that their arm was longer on the dominant side)

• for left, but not right, -handers the ease of reaching with one's dominant hand led participants to perceive an item as closer to themselves (or that their arm was longer on the dominant side)

• for right, but not left, -handers the ease of reaching with one's dominant hand led participants to perceive an item as closer to themselves (or that their arm was longer on the dominant side)

• none of these is correct

In contrast to classical cognitive views of visual perception, Proffitt and Linkenauger's (2013) theory suggests that

• the size, metabolic state, or skill of a person's body influences their perception of the size and shape of objects.

• the size, metabolic state, or skill of a person's body influences their perception of the size of objects and the distance of objects from the observer.

• right-handers will view objects on their right as appearing farther away than objects on their left

• people perform a mental calculus to determine the size and distance of objects

One view of distance and size perception is that our visual system first accounts for how much our two eyes need to converge in order to focus on an object. The angle of convergence tells us something about the distance of an object from ourselves. Then, the distance information is used to estimate size. What kind of explanation is this?

• an embodied perception explanation

• a classical view of visual perception

Image based theories of object recognition are associated with

• the claim that object recognition is viewpoint dependent

• the claim that object recognition is viewpoint invariant

• Biederman's recognition by components model

• geons

Michael Tarr's (1998) experiment, in which participants made same/different judgments when sequentially viewing simple figures rendered in 3-dimensions, was:

• consistent with the claim that geons are part of the mental representation for objects

• evidence against all image-based theories of object recognition

• evidence in favor of Biederman's recognition by components model because he showed that even the geons themselves were viewpoint dependent

• evidence against Biederman's recognition by components model because he showed that even the geons themselves were viewpoint dependent

What is the optic nerve?

• The part of the visual system that translates light energy into a neural signal.

• It is formed by the axons of the retinal ganglion cells.

• The part of the visual system that combines the visual information coming from each of the eyes.

• The part of the visual system responsible for object recognition

Hubel and Wiesel's (1959) single cell recording work with cats established that:

• in cats, individual neurons in primary visual cortex act as feature detectors, with each neuron preferentially sensitive to lines or edges of different orientations, but the human visual system is organized differently than that of cats

• individual neurons in anterior temporal cortex act as feature detectors, with each neuron preferentially sensitive to lines or edges of different orientations

• individual neurons in primary visual cortex act as feature detectors, with each neuron preferentially sensitive to lines or edges of different orientations

• cats and humans both have feature detectors in primary visual cortex