Earthquakes - Forces within earth

What is stress in the context of crustal rocks?

• The deformation of materials in response to strain

• The total force acting on crustal rocks per unit of volume

• The total force acting on crustal rocks per unit of area

• The effect of deformation on crustal rocks

What is strain?

• The total force acting on materials per unit of area

• The effect of stress on crustal rocks

• The deformation of materials in response to stress

• The pressure applied on materials from all directions

What type of stress tends to stretch or pull materials apart?

• Tensional Stress

• Shear Stress

• Compressional Stress

• Confining Stress

What type of stress results in the distortion or change in shape of materials without compression or extension?

• Tensional Stress

• Shear Stress

• Compressional Stress

• Confining Stress

What happens to rocks when stress and strain reach a critical point?

• They become more elastic

• They change color

• They fracture

• They become lighter

What are earthquakes a result of?

• Volcanic eruptions

• Meteor impacts

• The movement and release of energy in rocks

• Sudden temperature changes in the Earth's crust

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

What happens to a material undergoing elastic deformation when the stress is removed?

• The material remains in its deformed shape.

• The material returns to its original shape.

• The material breaks.

• The material becomes harder.

Does plastic deformation result in temporary or permanent deformation?

• Temporary deformation

• Permanent deformation

• No deformation

• Elastic deformation

What is a fault in geological terms?

• A type of rock

• A mountain range

• Any fracture or system of fractures along which Earth moves

• A valley formed by river erosion

What type of geological fault is shown in the diagram?

• Normal Fault

• Reverse Fault

• Strike-Slip Fault

• Oblique Fault