Mitosis and Cancer Cells

What is a common characteristic of most cancer cells?

• 20 or more mutations

• 40 or more mutations

• 60 or more mutations

• 80 or more mutations

What happens to tumor suppressor genes like p53 when mutated?

• They gain the ability to control cell proliferation

• They lose their ability to control cell proliferation

• They become more efficient at controlling cell proliferation

• They have no impact on cell proliferation

Why do cancer cells become resistant to normal tissue controls?

• They respond to signals that control cellular growth and death

• They divide at a slower rate than normal cells

• They no longer respond to signals that control cellular growth and death

• They are more susceptible to normal tissue controls

What is the terminal stage of cancer where cancerous cells travel to new locations, divide, and form secondary tumors?

• Apoptosis

• Metastasis

• Angiogenesis

• Mutation

How does cancer develop as a microevolutionary process?

• Through sudden genetic changes

• By accumulating gene mutations over time

• By inheriting mutated genes from parents

• Through exposure to environmental toxins

Which gene is commonly mutated in cancer cells, leading to overactive growth-promoting signals?

• BRCA1

• TP53

• Ras

• EGFR

What ability do cancer cells gain as they become malignant?

• Ability to divide rapidly

• Ability to produce more energy

• Ability to invade adjoining tissues and spread to new locations in the body

• Ability to repair damaged DNA

What characteristic allows cancer cells to grow and divide more rapidly than normal cells?

• They are smaller in size than normal cells.

• They respond more strongly to cellular growth signals.

• They become less dependent on signals from other cells.

• They require more nutrients than normal cells.

How do cancer cells evade programmed cell death?

• By increasing their size.

• By evading apoptosis.

• By mutating rapidly.

• By absorbing more nutrients.

What is a common feature of cancer cells in the late stages of the disease?

• They become less aggressive.

• They decrease in number.

• They metastasize to new sites in the body.

• They become more sensitive to cellular controls.