Evolution as Genetic Change

What is gene flow?

• ONLY the movement of genes out of a population

• The movement of genes into or out of a population.

• Only the movement of genes into a population

• Multiple changes in an amino acid sequence

What is genetic drift?

• Random change in gene frequency in a population

• A theory proposing genes drift aimlessly in the genome.

• Genes ignoring natural selection

• Molecular changes, caused by artificial selection

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What is the primary driving force behind evolution?

• Natural selection

• Breeding

• Camoflauge

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Which of the following best describes the concept of 'survival of the fittest'?

• The strongest individuals survive and reproduce.

• Individuals that are best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce.

• Only the fastest animals survive.

• Species that can camouflage themselves survive.

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What role does mutation play in evolution?

• It decreases genetic variation within a population.

• It has no significant role in evolution.

• It introduces new genetic variations into a population.

• It ensures that only the strongest genes are passed on.

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How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?

• Artificial selection is driven by nature, while natural selection is influenced by human preference.

• There is no difference; both terms describe the same process.

• Artificial selection is guided by human choice, while natural selection is the result of environmental pressures.

• Artificial selection can only occur in laboratory settings.

What is the bottleneck effect in population genetics?

• A sudden increase in population size due to a surplus of resources

• A dramatic reduction in population size due to environmental events, leading to genetic drift

• The process by which new species are created

• An increase in genetic mutations due to radiation exposure

How do stabilizing selection and disruptive selection differ?

• Stabilizing selection favors average phenotypes, while disruptive selection favors extreme phenotypes.

• Stabilizing selection eliminates all mutations, while disruptive selection promotes mutations.

• There is no difference; both terms describe the same evolutionary process.

• Stabilizing selection increases genetic diversity, while disruptive selection decreases it.

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What is the founder effect?

• The principle that the most common allele in a founder population becomes fixed.

• A decrease in genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population.

• An increase in genetic mutations due to the founding of a new population.

• The effect of founding a new population on the local ecosystem.

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Which of the following best explains the concept of 'adaptive radiation'?

• The process by which a single species evolves into several distinct species, each adapted to a specific environment.

• A type of radiation that causes mutations in genes, leading to evolution.

• The ability of a species to rapidly reproduce in a new environment.

• The development of resistance to radiation in certain species.

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