Memory and Forgetting Quiz

What is the basic idea of interference theory in forgetting?

• Forgetting occurs because new memories disrupt the retrieval of old memories.

• Forgetting occurs because similar memories interfere with each other.

• Forgetting occurs due to a lack of attention during the learning phase.

• Forgetting occurs when information is not stored in memory at all.

What is proactive interference?

• When new information prevents the recall of older memories.

• When past memories hinder the learning of new information.

• When external context changes, causing difficulty in remembering.

• When a person cannot access stored information due to insufficient cues.

What is retroactive interference?

• When past memories interfere with the retrieval of new information.

• When new information causes difficulty in recalling older memories.

• When a person fails to retrieve memories due to a lack of cues.

• When the context of learning does not match the context of recall.

What is retrieval failure as an explanation of forgetting?

• Forgetting due to memories being lost from storage over time.

• Forgetting because the memory was never encoded properly.

• Forgetting when information cannot be accessed or retrieved at a particular moment.

• Forgetting due to proactive or retroactive interference.

What is Tulving's encoding specificity principle?

• Memory recall is most effective when the retrieval conditions match the encoding conditions.

• Memory is encoded in a specific location within the brain.

• Specific cues are required to retrieve certain types of memories.

• Memory encoding is less effective in specific environmental contexts.

What is context-dependent forgetting?

• Forgetting that occurs due to a mismatch between learning and recall environments

• Forgetting that happens when a person is in a different physiological state from when they learned the information

• A type of amnesia where context is not remembered

• Forgetting that occurs when information is not used for an extended period

What is an example of context-dependent forgetting?

• Not being able to remember a song when in a different mood from when it was heard

• Struggling to recall information studied in a quiet room with classical music if the exam is taken in a noisy classroom

• Forgetting a password because it is not frequently used

• Being unable to remember a friend's name after many years

What is state-dependent forgetting?

• Forgetting that occurs when a person is in a different emotional state from when they learned the information

• Forgetting that happens due to a change in the learning environment

• Forgetting that occurs when a person's internal state or physiological condition during encoding does not match their state during retrieval

• Forgetting that occurs when the context of learning is not the same as the context of application

Can you give an example of state-dependent forgetting?

• Forgetting where you parked your car because you were talking on the phone while parking

• Not being able to recall a study topic because the exam room is brighter than the study room

• Struggling to remember information learned while intoxicated when trying to recall it sober, but remembering better if intoxicated again

• Forgetting a childhood memory because it happened a long time ago

How do context-dependent and state-dependent forgetting differ?

• Context-dependent forgetting is about the physical environment, while state-dependent forgetting is about the emotional environment

• Context-dependent forgetting is influenced by the external environment, while state-dependent forgetting is influenced by internal state

• State-dependent forgetting is influenced by the external environment, while context-dependent forgetting is about the internal state

• There is no difference; both are the same phenomena