UNIT 2 LOGIC

What is the study of methods for evaluating whether the premises of an argument adequately support its conclusion?

• Analogical reasoning

• Deductive logic

• Inductive logic

• Scientific reasoning

Which type of logic studies methods for evaluating whether the premises guarantee its conclusion?

• Deductive logic

• Inductive logic

• Statistical syllogism

• Mill's methods

In inductive logic, what is a strong argument characterized by?

• Necessary conclusion

• Probable conclusion

• False premises

• Uncogent premises

What is the main difference between inductive and deductive logic?

• Inductive logic guarantees conclusions, deductive logic does not

• Inductive logic is based on authority, deductive logic is based on enumeration

• Inductive arguments are always true, deductive arguments are sometimes true

• Inductive strength comes in degrees, deductive validity does not

What is the statistical syllogism based on?

• Percentage greater than 100

• Percentage less than 50

• Percentage exactly 50

• Percentage greater than 50 and less than 100

What fallacy is committed when one fails to consider all available relevant evidence when choosing the reference class for a statistical syllogism?

• Fallacy of false cause

• Fallacy of hasty generalization

• Fallacy of circular reasoning

• Fallacy of incomplete evidence

Which method of reasoning is used to help conclude that 'A causes B'?

• Mill's methods

• Statistical syllogism

• Argument from analogy

• Argument from authority

What does the scientific way of reasoning involve?

• Ignoring evidence, making random guesses, reaching conclusions

• Using authority figures, making assumptions, drawing conclusions

• Avoiding logic, relying on emotions, making decisions

• Describing the problem, formulating hypothesis, testing the hypothesis

What is the structure of an argument from analogy?

• A is similar to B, B has property P, A lacks property P

• A is similar to B, B lacks property P, A lacks property P

• A is different from B, B has property P, A has property P

• A is similar to B, B has property P, A has property P

What is the main purpose of Mill's methods?

• To establish conclusions of the form 'A is similar to B'

• To establish conclusions of the form 'A is different from B'

• To establish conclusions of the form 'A is necessary for B'

• To establish conclusions of the form 'A causes B'