Topic 8

What was the relationship of canals and steamboats to the growth of cities?

• They had no significant impact

• They decreased the growth of cities

• They were crucial for the transportation of goods, leading to increased trade and growth in cities like Buffalo, Chicago, & Cincinnati

• They were primarily used for passenger transport, not affecting city growth

What made it possible for steamboats to travel upstream?

• The design of the hull

• The use of paddle wheels

• The invention of the steamboat

• The use of sails

What were the features of clipper ships and their significance for journeys like New York to Great Britain?

• Fast sailing ships with narrow hulls, significantly reducing journey times

• Steam-powered vessels that increased cargo capacity

• Ships equipped with advanced navigation tools for safer transatlantic voyages

• Vessels designed for luxury passenger travel

How did railroad expansion help new territories in the midwest U.S.?

• By increasing trade and transportation options

• By decreasing the population in eastern cities

• By making travel to the west more difficult

• By reducing the need for new technologies

• helped midwest to have commercial agriculture

On what did Southern farmers rely?

• Industrial machinery

• Slave labor

• Imported goods

• Technology advancements

• natural waterways

What was life like for factory workers during the Industrial Revolution?

• Difficult and dangerous

• Comfortable and safe

• strikes were illegal

• Similar to modern office jobs

• long, hard days

Why was child labor used during the Industrial Revolution, and what were the conditions like for those children?

• To increase production at lower costs, often in dangerous and unhealthy conditions

• Children were more skilled than adults

• There was a shortage of adult workers

• Children volunteered to work for educational purposes

• Children worked 6 days/week, 12 hours a day

Why were trade unions formed?

• To limit hours worked in a day and labor conditions

• To provide members with financial advice

• To organize social events for workers

• To offer legal assistance to companies

What were strikes, and were they allowed? Did that change?

• Strikes were protests by workers, initially not allowed but later legalized in many places.

• Strikes have always been illegal.

• Strikes refer to a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work, and they have always been allowed.

• Strikes were social gatherings that were never subject to legal restrictions.

What was the significance of the 1842 Massachusetts ruling regarding workers and strikes?

• It declared strikes by workers to be illegal.

• It recognized the right of workers to organize and strike.

• It increased the working hours without consent from workers.

• It decreased the minimum wage for workers.