Protein Synthesis/Mutations STAAR

What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?

• Making energy available for cellular activities

• Creating bonds to form biomolecules

• Producing sugars that assist with replication

• Providing information to form proteins

Part of an important cellular process involving a DNA strand is shown below. What is the purpose of this cellular process?

• Preserving genetic information for future generations

• Deleting the information in the sequence produced from the DNA template

• Transcribing information in the DNA sequence for use by the cell

• Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence

A model of a biological process is shown. What is the purpose of this process?

• To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division

• To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template

• To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code

• To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

Use the codon chart above, which of the following polypeptides is coded for by the mRNA sequence

AUGGUUAAACGACAAUCC

• Val, Lys, Phe, Gly, Ser

• Met, Asp, Phe, Ala, Arg

• Met, Val, Lys, Arg, Gln, Ser

• Ile, Gln, Lys, Asp, Gly, Leu, Ser

Would a mutation in the DNA of a skin cell be passed on to an organism's offspring?

• Yes, because any change to the DNA is passed on to the offspring

• Maybe. Sex cells only use half of the body's genetic code. It might get the copy of a gene that wasn't mutated.

• No. Only mutations that occur in the sex cells that are passed on to the offspring

• Without knowing the animal, it would be hard to tell whether or not the mutation would be passed on.

Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?

• They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

• They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

• They often delete things that organisms need.

• Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

Match the following

• Deletion

• 
• Insertion

• 
• Substitution

• 

Match the following chromosomal mutations

• Deletion

• 
• Duplication

• 
• Inversion

• 
• Translocation

• 

Categorize the following

Groups:

(a) Transcription

,

(b) Translation

• Produces mRNA

• RNA to protein

• Step 2 of protein synthesis

• Produces a protein

• Occurs at ribosome

• mRNA is created from a DNA template

• Occurs in nucleus

• tRNA bring amino acids to the ribosome and rRNA binds them together

• DNA to RNA

• Step 1 of protein synthesis

Match the following

• Transcription

• DNA to RNA to Protein

• Translation

• DNA to RNA

• Protein Synthesis

• RNA to Protein