Birth to Early Childhood Review

________ is the least-developed of the newborn baby's senses.

• Taste

• Sound

• Vision

• TOuch

Which image would newborn Alex most likely prefer to look at?

• pastel pink square

• black-and-white checkerboard with large, bold squares

• multicolored checkerboard with hundreds of squares

• black oval

Of all motor skills, ________ may play the greatest role in infant cognitive development.

• Rolling Over

• Reaching

• Crawling

• Walking

Every time baby Gloria nurses, she is placed on a nursing pillow. Gloria's mother later notices that each time Gloria is placed on the pillow, she makes sucking movements. In this example, ________ is the conditioned stimulus.

• breast milk

• sucking

• crying

• placement of pillow

A person's lifelong history of experiences would affect her or his__________ .

• genotype

• cytoplasm

• phenotype

• gametes

Infant-directed speech and reciprocal adult-child conversation ________.

• encourage mastery of social formulas but discourage object-naming

• are less effective in increasing vocabulary than are word-learning programs on touch-screen tablets

• have little impact on language development because language emerges spontaneously

• create a zone of proximal development in which young children's language expands

At all ages, ________ develops ahead of ________.

• overextension; underextension

• language production; language comprehension

• language comprehension; language production

• telegraphic speech; babbling

The more time caregivers and infants spend in joint play with objects, the ________.

• slower babies' vocabulary growth

• earlier babies use preverbal gestures

• later babies say their first word

• more often caregivers speak for infants

The zone of proximal development refers to ________.

• the adjustment of old schemes after noticing that current ways of thinking are flawed

• the cognitive discomfort the child feels during times of rapid cognitive change

• a range of tasks that the child cannot yet handle alone but can do with the help of more skilled partners

• internal depictions of information that the mind can manipulate

Two-year-old Lupe dropped a block into her toy box. She then dropped a cup, a car, and a doll-some gently, and some with force. Lupe's modification of her dropping scheme is an example of ________.

• equilibrium

• organization

• accommodation

• assimilation