What does the ATP hydrolysis in kinesin's motor domain drive?

• Protein synthesis
• Conformational changes
• Energy production
• Cell division

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, what is true about energy in an isolated system?

• Energy always decreases in an isolated system
• Energy can be created in an isolated system
• Energy is not conserved in an isolated system
• Total energy remains constant

What does the heat capacity of a system describe?

• The number of molecules in the system.
• The color of the system when heated.
• Amount of heat required to lower the temperature of the system by one degree Celsius.
• Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the system by one Kelvin.

What is the Boltzmann constant's value?

• 1.380649 × 10^-24 J/K
• 1.380649 × 10^-23 J/K
• 1.380649 × 10^-25 J/K
• 1.380649 × 10^-22 J/K

What term describes the attraction between neutral atoms at a certain optimal distance?

• Van der Waals forces
• Hydrogen bonds
• Ionic bonds
• Covalent bonds

What kind of energy levels do not generally change during protein unfolding?

• Molecular vibration energy levels

• Translational energy levels

• Electronic energy levels

• Rotational energy levels

What energy levels explain the increased heat capacity during protein unfolding?

• Electronic energy levels

• Molecular vibration energy levels

• Translational energy levels

• Rotational energy levels

What is true about the electrostatic energy between charged particles in water compared to a vacuum?

• It's stronger in water.

• It's unaffected by the medium.

• It's weaker in water.

• It only exists in a vacuum.

What happens to the Gibbs free energy (∆G) in a spontaneous process?

• Increases
• Remains constant
• Becomes negative
• Decreases

What effect does water have on hydrogen bonds within proteins?

• Water strengthens hydrogen bonds within proteins.
• Water has no effect on hydrogen bonds within proteins.
• Water creates new hydrogen bonds within proteins.
• Water disrupts hydrogen bonds within proteins.