Cold War vocab and policies

Nations that fell under the influence of the Soviet Union and established communist regimes were referred to as

• communist republics

• socialist nations

• Soviet republics

• satellite nations

The organization that was formed to combat communism and protect member nations from a communist attack was the

• United Nations

• Warsaw Pact

• NATO

• CIA

The organization that the Soviet Union created in response to the defense alliance created by the United States consisting of communist allies to the USSR was

• NATO

• the United Nations

• the satellite nations

• the Warsaw Pact

What made the Cold War cold?

• The US and the Soviet Union were political and economic partners against the coldest parts of the world, where they joined forces to fight

• Tensions were high and US and Soviet Union fought in wars over influence, but never directly fought each other, instead fought proxy wars

• much of the Soviet Union and US are cold for part or most of the year and the war happened in the snow

• many of the actions that the US and the Soviet Union took throughout the world are considered cold-hearted and cruel

In 1946, Winston Churchill used the term “Iron Curtain” when describing conditions in Europe. What did he mean by this term?

• European nations needed to build more factories.

• The militaries of Western Europe were becoming too powerful.

• There was a division between communist Eastern Europe and Western Europe.

• Peace had finally spread throughout the countries of Europe.

What prompted the Berlin Airlift?

• The Soviets invaded Western Germany to take control.

• The Soviets cut off all traffic in or out of West Berlin.

• The Soviets refused to allow a democratic government in West Berlin.

• The Soviets took over the western half of Germany and cut off food supplies.

What was the main focus of US foreign policy during the Cold War?

• Extending the political, economic, and cultural influence of the United States.

• Providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II.

• To establish a strong military alliance.

• Containment of the spread of communism.

“I believe it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation [domination] by armed minorities or by outside pressure. Should we fail to aid Greece and Turkey in this fateful hour, the effect will be far-reaching to the West. The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died. Therefore, I propose giving Greece and Turkey $400 million in aid.” - President Truman’s speech to Congress, March 12, 1947.

What was the intent of the Truman Doctrine?

• Ensure the survival of the newly independent nations of Africa and Asia.

• Limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons during the Cold War.

• Provide political, military, and economic assistance to all democratic nations (Greece and Turkey) under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces.

• Provide medical aid to South Korea during the Korean War.

What event increased U.S. spending on education and technology?

• Cuban Missile Crisis

• establishment of the Warsaw Pact

• Soviet launching of a space satellite Sputnik

• the Communist takeover of Eastern Europe

United States involvement in the Korean and Vietnam Wars best exemplifies its interest in

• gaining new territory in Asia for resources

• controlling militant fascist dictators

• containing communism by fighting proxy wars

• containing democracy