Digestive System Basics

What are the main organs of the digestive system?

• kidneys

• heart

• lungs

• mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

What is the function of the stomach in the digestive system?

• Mechanical and chemical digestion of food

• Regulation of blood sugar levels

• Absorption of water

• Production of red blood cells

Name one digestive enzyme and its role in digestion.

• Lipase - Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

• Protease - Breaks down proteins into amino acids

• Cellulase - Breaks down cellulose into glucose

• Amylase - Breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Explain the process of nutrient absorption in the digestive system.

• Nutrient absorption occurs in the stomach by diffusion

• Nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine through the process of osmosis

• Nutrient absorption primarily happens in the small intestine, where villi and microvilli increase the surface area for absorption, allowing nutrients to pass through the intestinal walls into the bloodstream.

• The liver is the primary organ responsible for nutrient absorption

What is the common disorder where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus?

• Ulcer

• GERD

• Acid reflux

• IBS

Which organ produces bile to aid in digestion?

• Stomach

• Kidney

• Liver

• Pancreas

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

What is the function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

• Production of bile

• Muscle contraction

• Absorption of nutrients

• Regulation of blood sugar levels

Name a disorder where the lining of the intestines becomes inflamed.

• Crohn's disease

• Celiac disease

• Irritable bowel syndrome

• Ulcerative colitis

What are the three main nutrients absorbed in the small intestine?

• Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

• Vitamins, minerals, and water

• Sugars, fibers, and starches

• Proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

What is the role of the pancreas in the digestive system?

• Regulates body temperature

• Stores excess water in the body

• Produces insulin to break down proteins

• Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to aid in digestion.