Ruminant Diet Quiz

Why are ruminants fed low-fat diets?

• Because high-fat diets are more expensive

• Because too much fat, particularly unsaturated fatty acids, is toxic to the rumen microbes

• Because ruminants cannot digest fats at all

• Because low-fat diets increase milk production

Which type of fatty acids are rich in the diet that includes grass, soybean, and corn grain?

• Saturated fatty acids

• Monounsaturated fatty acids

• Polyunsaturated fatty acids

• Trans fatty acids

What are the two important events that lipids undergo in the rumen?

• Lipolysis and Hydrogenation

• Lipolysis and Biohydrogenation

• Lipolysis and Isomerization

• Hydrolysis and Hydrogenation

What is the second step in the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen?

• Isomerization

• Lipolysis

• Hydrogenation

• Hydrolysis

What process do lipases secreted by rumen microbes initiate in the digestion of lipid-based lipids such as triglycerides?

• Hydrogenation

• Lipolysis

• Isomerization

• Esterification

What happens to unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen as a result of lipolysis?

• They are converted into monoglycerides.

• They are converted into saturated fatty acids through biohydrogenation.

• They remain unchanged and are absorbed directly.

• They are immediately used as an energy source.

Why are unsaturated fatty acids considered toxic to ruminal bacteria?

• They cause overproduction of glycerol.

• They inhibit the action of lipases.

• They can disrupt bacterial cell membranes.

• They lead to the production of excess methane.

What are the two steps involved in the biohydrogenation of free unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen?

• Esterification and Hydrolysis

• Isomerization and Hydrogenation

• Lipolysis and Fermentation

• Condensation and Reduction

What is a prerequisite for isomerization in the biohydrogenation of fatty acids?

• Presence of a double bond

• Having a free carboxylic end

• Saturation of the fatty acid

• Attachment to glycerol or another compound

During the isomerization of linoleic acid under normal rumen pH, which type of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) is formed?

• CLA 18:2 cis-9 trans-11

• CLA 18:2 trans-10 cis-12

• CLA 18:2 cis-12 cis-9

• CLA 18:2 trans-9 trans-11