Biology Exam Review

How did natural selection result in the different variations in the types and sizes of finch beaks studied by Darwin on the Galapagos Islands? Give specific types of beaks to finches to survive in their specific location.

• Giving specific types of beaks to finches to survive in their specific location

• The mechanism that Darwin proposed for evolution is natural selection. Because resources are limited in nature

• how good a particular genotype is at leaving

• All of the above

Discuss the main idea behind Darwin’s Evolutionary Theory Through Natural Selection. The mechanism that Darwin proposed for evolution is natural selection. Because resources are limited in nature, organisms with heritable traits that favor survival and reproduction will tend to leave more offspring than their peers, causing the traits to increase in frequency over generations.

• The forelimbs of the vertabrates

• 1. Organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions

• 1. The mechanism that Darwin proposed for evolution is natural selection. Because resources are limited in nature, organisms with heritable traits that favor survival and reproduction will tend to leave more offspring than their peers, causing the traits to increase in frequency over generations.

• 1. they provide strong evidence of common ancestry and can help us trace the evolutionary origin of the species with the vestigial structures

Why are populations with increased genetic variation more likely to survive? (Include reproduction!) Inbreeding, which happens when there are small, isolated populations, can reduce a species' ability to survive and reproduce.

• It shows how the decrease closely relating

• 1. Inbreeding, which happens when there are small, isolated populations, can reduce a species' ability to survive and reproduce.

• Inbreeding happens when there a large, isolated populations that can produce a species' ability to survive

• 1. how different species have adapted to similar environments or challenges in similar ways, even though they are not closely related

Describe evolutionary fitness.

• How good a particular genotype is at leaving offspring in the next generation relative to other genotypes.

• The forelimbs of vertebrates

• Different types of natural selection can impact the distribution of phenotypes within a population.

• The evolution of different species from a common ancestor due to different selective pressures faced by the species over time

What is an adaptation, and how do they drive changes in populations?

• all vertebrate embryos (including humans) have gill slits and a tail during early development.

• The evolution of different species from a common ancestor due to different selective pressures faced by the species over time

• wings in flying animals like bats, birds, and insects, to find in animals like penguins and fish

• 1. Why an organism acts in order to survive or thrive in its environment.

What are homologous structures?

• Organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions.

• features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature

• The evolution of different species from a common ancestor due to different selective pressures faced by the species over time

• None of the above.

Name examples of homologous structures.

• Extinction

• features of an organism that are considered to have lost much or all of their original function through evolution

• The forelimbs of vertebrates.

• Fossils

Provide an argument as to how the existence of homologous structures support the theory of evolution by natural selection. (Include the term “divergent evolution”).

• None of these.

•  the human appendix, the pelvic bone of a snake, and the wings of flightless birds

• Birds migrating to another island.

• The evolution of different species from a common ancestor due to different selective pressures faced by the species over time.

What are vestigial structures?

• 1. Why an organism acts in order to survive or thrive in its environment.

• Features of an organism that are considered to have lost much or all of their original function through evolution.

• Both.

Explain how the existence of vestigial structures provide evidence for evolution.

• They provide strong evidence of common ancestry and can help us trace the evolutionary origin of the species with the vestigial structures.

• A and C

• The evolution of different species from a common ancestor due to different selective pressures faced by the species over time

• THey provide strong evidence of how the world evolves