Understanding Logical Fallacies

What is a logical fallacy?

• A fact supported by strong evidence

• A type of logical reasoning that proves a point

• A flaw in a deductive argument that makes it invalid

• A strong argument in a debate

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CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RL.11-12.1

CCSS.RL.8.1

CCSS.RL.9-10.1

What does the ad hominem fallacy involve?

• Attacking the person's character instead of the argument

• Creating a strong logical argument

• Attacking the argument directly

• Using credible sources to support an argument

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CCSS.RI. 9-10.8

CCSS.RI.11-12.8

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

What is the appeal to authority fallacy?

• Using only credible sources in an argument

• Asking for proof for every claim made in an argument

• Ignoring expert opinions in an argument

• Using a non-credible expert's opinion to support a claim

What does the straw figure fallacy involve?

• Strengthening someone's argument before attacking it

• Building a strong argument with logical reasoning

• Using figures and statistics to mislead

• Attacking a simplified version of the opponent's argument

What is the false dilemma fallacy?

• Presenting too many choices in an argument

• Boiling down an argument to two opposite choices ignoring other possibilities

• Solving a dilemma using logical reasoning

• Creating a dilemma where there is none

What does the slippery slope fallacy assume?

• Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

• Preventive measures always stop negative outcomes

• A small step in a certain direction will lead to an exaggerated outcome

• A small step in a certain direction will not lead to significant changes

What is the circular argument fallacy?

• An argument that starts and ends with the same assertion

• A logical argument that convinces everyone

• Using circular reasoning to escape a logical loop

• An argument that logically proves itself

What fallacy is based on the assumption that popularity equals truth?

• Straw figure fallacy

• Bandwagon fallacy

• Appeal to authority fallacy

• Ad hominem fallacy

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CCSS.RI. 9-10.8

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

What is the red herring fallacy?

• Presenting irrelevant information to divert from the actual issue

• Using a red fish to symbolize a strong argument

• Focusing solely on relevant facts

• Solving the main issue of an argument

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CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RL.8.1

CCSS.RL.9-10.1

What does the fallacy fallacy suggest about arguments?

• An argument using a fallacy can still be true

• An argument using a fallacy is always false

• All arguments without fallacies are true

• Logical fallacies strengthen arguments

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CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RL.8.1

CCSS.RL.9-10.1