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Directions: Read the passage about a small chicken farm and answer any questions that follow. A farmer in southern Georgia wants to raise a flock of chickens for egg production. He has other animals on his farm and needs a breed of chickens that will tolerate living close to his other animals. Space is limited on the farm, so the farmer can only have a small flock of chickens. In order for the farmer to profit from a smaller flock, the egg production per hen must be high and the hens must start laying eggs when they are young. The table lists the breeds of chickens that the farmer can choose from and the traits those breeds possess.

CHICKEN BREEDS Breed Annual Egg Production Temperament Age When They Can Start Laying Eggs (weeks) White Leghorns 280 nervous, flighty 16–17 Rhode Island Red 260 hardy 18–24 Golden Comet 250–300 gentle, quiet 15 Barred Plymouth Rock 280 calm 18–22 New Hampshire Red 200 competitive, aggressive 18–21

Which statement best describes how the breeder influenced the inheritance of traits in his breeding population?

• The breeder likely did not influence the inheritance of traits because that can only done through natural selection.

• The breeder likely changed all of the inheritable traits of the chickens because he could not select for certain traits.

• The breeder was likely able to eliminate undesired traits and increase the desired traits in his chicken population over a very short period of time.

• The breeder was likely able to eliminate undesired traits and increase the desired traits in his chicken population over an extended period of time.

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Read the passage about selective breeding. Use the passage to answer to answer any questions that follow. Breeders of animals and plants are interested in producing organisms that will possess the most desirable traits. This can be accomplished by crossing two members of a species who each possess dominant genes for a particular trait. Some of the resulting offspring will inherit the genes for both traits. Each generation can be selectively bred to ensure the genes for the traits increase in future offspring.

What should be done to best ensure successful generations of offspring through selective breeding?

• breed organisms that are homozygous for a recessive trait

• breed organisms that are heterozygous for a recessive trait

• breed organisms that are homozygous for a dominant trait

• breed organisms that are heterozygous for a dominant trait

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Read the passage about selective breeding. Use the passage to answer to answer any questions that follow. Breeders of animals and plants are interested in producing organisms that will possess the most desirable traits. This can be accomplished by crossing two members of a species who each possess dominant genes for a particular trait. Some of the resulting offspring will inherit the genes for both traits. Each generation can be selectively bred to ensure the genes for the traits increase in future offspring.

Which statement is a specific example of how artificial selection is used in society?

• The nucleus of a cow's skin cell is inserted into an egg cell from a female cow.

• Genes are spliced from a bacterial cell and inserted into a cell of an apple tree.

• Pesticides applied to beetles yield a pesticide-resistant population of beetles.

• Two racehorses with desirable traits are bred to produce a superior racing horse.

Which best describes why the bananas vary so greatly in appearance?

• The bananas vary in appearance because humans bred them for the most undesirable traits.

• The bananas vary in appearance because humans bred them for the most desirable traits.

• The bananas vary in appearance because humans started eating different types of bananas.

• The bananas vary in appearance because humans stopped eating bananas altogether.

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A random mutation in a cotton plant caused it to produce double the amount of cotton bolls. The extra amount of cotton produced is a desirable trait. Which statement best describes what the cotton farmer should do to increase the chances that new cotton plants exhibit this trait?

• The cotton farmer should let the cotton plant grow larger. B. The cotton farmer should dig up the cotton plant and plant it next to different cotton plants.

• The cotton farmer should dig up the cotton plant and plant it next to different cotton plants.

• The cotton farmer should breed the cotton plant with this trait to other cotton plants to produce offspring with this trait.

• The cotton farmer should dig up all his cotton plants and replace them with seeds from the mutated cotton plant.

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Holly was discussing selective breeding with her friend Kelsie. Holly told Kelsie that selective breeding does not have disadvantages and should always be performed. Which best describes how true Holly's statement is?

• Holly's statement is true because selective breeding increases the chances of desirable traits being produced.

• Holly's statement is false because selective breeding can decrease the genetic diversity of a species.

• Holly's statement is true because selective breeding will increase the genetic diversity of a species.

• Holly's statement is false because selective breeding decreases the chances of desirable traits being produced.

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A peach tree farmer lost the majority of his crops to insects last season. He wants to make sure the next set of trees he grows do not have the same fate. Which best describes what the peach tree farmer should do?

• The farmer should breed his peach trees with peach tress that are resistant to insects.

• The farmer should breed his peach trees with peach trees that grow taller than his.

• The farmer should breed his peach trees with peach trees that are resistant to cold.

• The farmer should breed his peach trees with peach trees that have a better flavor.

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Agriculture has used selective breeding for many years to pass on desirable traits to domesticated plants and animals. This is an example of which of the following?

• competition for limited natural resources

• artificial selection

• natural selection

• acquired traits within a species

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Patricia breeds rabbits to sell as pets. She noticed that rabbits with longer, softer ears sell better than those with short ears. Which best describes what Patricia should do to sell the most rabbits?

• Patricia should breed together a rabbit with soft fur and a rabbit with rough fur.

• Patricia should breed the rabbits with the longest, softest ears together.

• Patricia should breed together a rabbit with black fur and a rabbit with white fur.

• Patricia should breed a rabbit with long, soft ears with a rabbit with short ears.

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What are the benefits of selective breeding? Select two that apply.

• elimination of a negative trait

• control every gene in offspring

• produce offspring with desired traits

• requires less energy for breeding