Body Systems Review

Which two body systems are primarily involved in sending messages long distances by releasing hormones into the bloodstream?

• Digestive and circulatory

• Nervous and endocrine

• Respiratory and immune

• Endocrine and circulatory

Health-care workers are exposed to many different types of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms. Which body systems work together to protect the body from pathogens?

• Muscular and vascular

• Digestive and excretory

• Circulatory and immune

• Endocrine and reproductive

Which of the following correctly describes an interaction that occurs between two body systems of a rabbit that helps the rabbit outrun a pursuing coyote?

• The skeletal system releases additional calcium, and the circulatory system retains more sodium in the blood to provide muscles with ions for contraction.

• The digestive system increases the rate of digestion, and the excretory system ceases to provide tissues with more nutrients.

• The respiratory system increases the breathing rate, and the circulatory system increases blood pressure to provide tissues with more oxygen.

• The endocrine system releases hormones that prepare the immune system to deal with possible injuries.

The human digestive system is approximately 900 cm long. Food is moved through the digestive tract primarily by—

• bile produced by the pancreas

• the enzymes amylase and pepsin

• muscular contractions

• hydrochloric acid in the stomach

The outermost layer of plant stems in dicotyledons consists of epidermal cells and guard cells that surround openings called stomata. The epidermal cells are usually covered with a waterproof layer that provides protection from injury and water loss. The stomata allow gas exchange. The epidermal cells and stomata have functions similar to those of which two human body systems?

• Skeletal and respiratory

• Cardiovascular and skeletal

• Integumentary and respiratory

• Cardiovascular and integumentary

What two human systems work together to provide body cells with a constant supply of oxygen while removing carbon dioxide waste products?

• Nervous and endocrine

• Muscular and skeletal

• Respiratory and circulatory

• Excretory and integumentary

Which of the following functions at the same organizational level as the kidney in the human excretory system?

• Skeleton

• Epithelial tissue

• Urinary bladder

• A squamous cell

When a person is suddenly cut by a sharp object, a nervous impulse is sent along a sensory neuron to the spinal cord. The impulse is immediately transmitted through motor neurons to produce a response. Which of the following correctly identifies and describes this response?

• It is a conditioned response that occurs only to prevent injury.

• It is a learned response that does not occur in infants and small children.

• It is a reflex response that causes various muscles to contract in order to move away from the object.

• It is a voluntary response that is initiated only after the impulse has been carried to the relevant area in the brain.

Coracias garrulus is a blue bird with an orange-brown back. The offspring of this bird have an effective defense mechanism. The young birds vomit and cover themselves in a foul-smelling orange liquid when they sense a threat by predators. Which two systems alert the young bird to the danger and help produce the vomit it uses as a defense?

• Nervous and digestive systems

• Integumentary and muscular systems

• Immune and respiratory systems

• Excretory and reproductive systems

Which of these correctly describes the interaction of two biological systems for a specific purpose in the human body?

• The nervous system secretes hormones that cause smooth and skeletal muscles to contract.

• As parts of the integumentary system, skin and nostril hairs help keep invading pathogens out.

• The digestive system transports digested materials to areas of the body where they are needed.

• The endocrine system produces sex hormones (or pheromones) for the animal.