What is pulmonary ventilation commonly known as?

• Circulation

• Breathing

• Respiration

• Oxygenation

Answer explanation

Pulmonary ventilation is commonly known as breathing, which involves the process of inhaling and exhaling air to exchange gases in the lungs.

What does negative respiratory pressure indicate?

• Pressure that is higher than atmospheric pressure

• Pressure that is equal to atmospheric pressure

• Pressure that is lower than atmospheric pressure

• Pressure that does not change with breathing

Answer explanation

Negative respiratory pressure indicates pressure that is lower than atmospheric pressure, creating a pressure gradient for air to flow into the lungs during inhalation.

At sea level, what is the atmospheric pressure expressed in mmHg?

• 760mmHg

• 500mmHg

• 1mmHg

• 1013mmHg

Answer explanation

At sea level, the atmospheric pressure is typically 760mmHg, making it the correct choice among the options provided.

What is the pressure within the alveoli called?

• Intrapleural Pressure (Pip)

• Intrapulmonary Pressure (Ppul)

• Atmospheric Pressure (Patm)

• Negative Respiratory Pressure

Answer explanation

The pressure within the alveoli is called Intrapulmonary Pressure (Ppul), which is the correct choice among the options provided.

How does intrapleural pressure (Pip) generally compare to intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul)?

• Pip is about 4mmHg higher than Ppul

• Pip is about 4mmHg less than Ppul

• Pip is equal to Ppul

• Pip is about 760mmHg less than Ppul

Answer explanation

Intrapleural pressure (Pip) is about 4mmHg less than intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul), creating a negative pressure gradient to keep the lungs inflated.

What causes the lungs to collapse according to the Negative Intrapleural Pressure section?

• Natural elasticity of the chest wall

• Lungs' natural elasticity/tendency to recoil

• A greater transpulmonary pressure

• Any condition that equalizes Pip with Ppul or atmospheric pressure

Answer explanation

The lungs collapse due to their natural elasticity and tendency to recoil, as mentioned in the Negative Intrapleural Pressure section.

What is the net result of the forces acting on the lungs as described in the Negative Intrapleural Pressure section?

• A positive Pip

• A negative Pip

• Lung expansion

• Lung collapse

Answer explanation

The net result of the forces acting on the lungs is a negative Pip, leading to lung expansion.

What is Transpulmonary Pressure?

• The pressure that keeps the air spaces of the lungs open and prevents lung collapse

• The difference between Ppul and atmospheric pressure

• The adhesive force between the parietal and visceral pleurae

• The pressure regulated and drained by the lymphatics

Answer explanation

Transpulmonary Pressure is the pressure that keeps the air spaces of the lungs open and prevents lung collapse.

What will happen if the condition equalizes Pip with Ppul or atmospheric pressure?

• The lungs will expand

• The lungs will collapse

• The pleural fluid will increase

• The transpulmonary pressure will decrease

Answer explanation

If the condition equalizes Pip with Ppul or atmospheric pressure, the lungs will collapse due to the loss of negative pressure in the pleural space.

What is pulmonary ventilation dependent on?

• Chemical reactions in the lungs

• Volume changes in the thoracic cavity

• The amount of oxygen in the air

• The strength of the respiratory muscles

Answer explanation

Pulmonary ventilation is dependent on volume changes in the thoracic cavity, which allow for the movement of air in and out of the lungs.