Neural tube patterning

Spina Bifida is a Neural Tube Defect that has been linked to

• Retinoic Acid Deficiency

• Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) Deficiency

• Vitamin A deficiency

• Acnea treatments like Accutane

Retinoic Acid is a small, hormone-like molecule that can cross cell membranes and signal many cell diameters away from its source. This type of signaling is called

• Autocrine

• Juxtacrine

• Paracrine

• Endocrine

A drug or coumpound that can induce birth defects is called

What will happen if you put graft a notochord or a bead soaked with Sonic Hedgehog at the Roof Plate (top) of the Neural Tube?

The Midbrain vesicle becomes the

• Telencephalon

• Diencephalon

• Mesencephalon

• Metencephalon

• Myelencephalon

Which genetic experiment can result in an EXCESS of retinoic acid

• Raldh gene Knock-Out

• Retinol gene Knock-Out

• Cyp26 Knock-Out

To acquire a sharp expression domain in rhombomere 4, Hoxb1 uses regulatory input from

• Retinoic Acid

• Krox20 (a TF expressed in R3 and R5)

• Other Hox genes

• All of the above is true