Translation of Ukrainian Reflexive Verbs-Predicates into English

Який спосіб перекладу українських речень із дієсловами-присудками на "-ся" використовується при застосуванні дієслівної форми пасивного стану?

• Введення формального підмета it чи неозначеного підмета one або they

• Застосування англійського метафоричного дієслова-присудка у формі активного способу у сполученні з неживим агентивним підметом

• Заміна дієсловом, яке може вживатися у зворотному значенні

• Заміна складним іменним присудком з пасивним прикметником

In English, the verb "apologize", a translatio equivalent of the Ukrainian "вибачатися", implies only in context:

• its degree of formality

• its degree of sincerity

• its overtone of negligence

• its shade of contempt

Unlike reflexive verbs in English, a Ukrainain reflexive verb may indicate:

• a speaker's respect for the listener's social standing

• a speaker's own place within a social hierarchy

• a speaker's kinship degree

• a speaker'ssuperior position

To convey pragmatic nuances of some Ukrainian socially important reflexive verbs, the translator into English must:

• carefully consider the context

• employ combined translation techniques

• adjust the level of formality

• use politeness markers

• use a neutral equivalent

Unlike the English verb "apoljgize", its Ukrainian equivalent "вибачатися" implies:

• humility

• acknowledgment of one's own action towards oneself or others

• distancing from the interlocutor

• the speaker's superiority

As compared with English, Ukrainian can convey more:

• nuances of politeness

• shades of familiarity

• degree of necessity

• stylistic coloring

• degree of probability

As compared with Ukrainian, English uses ....... (choose the correct answer) reflexive means/constructions:

• more

• less

• approximately

  the equal number of

Reflexive pronouns are used with verbs to imply reflexivity of actions:

• more often in English than in Ukrainian

• less often in English than in Ukrainian

• equally in English and Ukrainian

• are not used in Ukrainian

• are not used in English

The semantics of transitivity and intransitivity related to the use of reflexive verbal means:

• is rarely combined in English verbs

• is often combined in English verbs

• is often combined in Ukrainian reflexive verbs

• is rarely combined in Ukrainian reflexive verbs

• is equally combined in English and Ukrainian verbs

The meanings of reflexivity and reciprocity of actions in English are realized:

• only implicitly

• only explicitly

• both explicitly and implicitly

• more often implicitly than explicitly

• more often explicitly than implicitly