What is the purpose of experimental design in research?

• To ensure the study is conducted haphazardly and without structure

• To confuse participants and make the study more challenging

• To ensure the study is conducted systematically, test hypotheses effectively, minimize bias, and draw valid conclusions.

• To increase bias and draw invalid conclusions

Explain the difference between independent and dependent variables in an experiment.

• Dependent variables are controlled by the experimenter, while independent variables are observed.

• Independent variables are manipulated by the experimenter, while dependent variables are observed and measured for changes.

• Independent variables are fixed throughout the experiment, while dependent variables can change.

• Independent variables are qualitative, while dependent variables are quantitative.

What are the key components of a survey design?

• Skipping survey method selection

• Using biased survey questions

• Selecting irrelevant target population

• Defining objectives, selecting target population, choosing survey method, designing survey questions, determining sample size, conducting survey, analyzing results

Describe the main characteristics of qualitative research methods.

• Qualitative research methods are solely based on experimental studies.

• Qualitative research methods involve only numerical data analysis.

• Qualitative research methods involve collecting non-numerical data through methods like interviews, observations, and content analysis to explore and understand the depth of a phenomenon.

• Qualitative research methods do not require data collection.

How can researchers ensure the validity and reliability of survey data?

• By using random sampling, clear and unbiased questions, proper survey design, pilot testing, and data validation techniques.

• By only surveying a small group of people

• By using biased questions to steer responses

• By ignoring data validation techniques

Give an example of a qualitative research method and explain how it is used in research.

• Focus groups

• Interviews

• Observational studies

• Surveys

What are the advantages of using qualitative research methods?

• Difficulty in generalizing findings

• Lack of statistical rigor

• Advantages of using qualitative research methods include in-depth exploration, understanding of complex phenomena, flexibility in data collection, and capturing rich, detailed data.

• Limited sample size

What are the limitations of qualitative research methods?

• Limited sample size

• Inability to quantify data

• Lack of generalizability, potential for researcher bias, time-consuming nature, subjectivity in data interpretation

• Difficulty in replicating results

What are the key features of quantitative research methods?

• No statistical analysis, biased results

• Qualitative data collection, subjective research design

• Numerical data collection, statistical analysis, objective and structured research design, large sample sizes, generalizability of results

• Small sample sizes, limited generalizability

Provide an example of a quantitative research method and explain its application.

• Observation

• Experiment

• Survey

• Interview