Intro to Stats: Module 3 Study Guide (Probability)

What does probability measure in the context of outcomes of a particular experiment or activity?

• The number of possible outcomes

• The certainty of outcomes

• The systematic approach to solve problems

• The control conditions of the experiment

What is an experiment in the context of probability?

• A chance to win a game

• A systematic approach to solve problems

• A planned operation under controlled conditions with an indeterminate result

• A method to guess the outcome of an event

What is a sample space?

• A set of all possible outcomes

• A single possible outcome

• A diagram to represent probabilities

• A formula to calculate probabilities

What does P(A) = 0 signify in probability?

• Event A always happens

• Event A never happens

• Event A is equally likely to happen or not to happen

• Event A is the only outcome in the sample space

What does P(A) = 0.5 mean in the context of probability?

• Event A is certain to happen

• Event A is equally likely to happen or not to happen

• Event A will never happen

• Event A is the least likely outcome

What does "equally likely" mean in terms of the outcomes of an experiment?

• Each outcome is preferred over the others

• Each outcome has a different probability of occurring

• Each outcome has the same probability of occurring

• Only one outcome will occur every time the experiment is conducted

How do you calculate the probability of an event A when all outcomes in the sample space are equally likely?

• Divide the number of outcomes for event A by the total number of outcomes in the sample space

• Multiply the number of outcomes for event A by the total number of outcomes in the sample space

• Add the number of outcomes for event A to the total number of outcomes in the sample space

• Subtract the number of outcomes for event A from the total number of outcomes in the sample space

What is the probability of getting one head when flipping one fair coin, given the sample space is {HH, HT, TH, TT}?

• 0.25

• 0.5

• 0.75

• 1

What is the Law of Large Numbers in the context of probability experiments?

• It states that as the number of repetitions of an experiment increases, the relative frequency obtained in the experiment tends to become closer to the theoretical probability.

• It indicates that the outcomes of a probability experiment will always match the theoretical probability exactly.

• It suggests that the outcomes of a probability experiment are equally likely.

• It refers to the law that large numbers cannot be used in probability experiments.

What does the term "empirical" refer to in the context of probability?

• The long-term observed relative frequency obtained through experiments.

• The theoretical probability that is calculated without experiments.

• The initial hypothesis before conducting an experiment.

• The probability of obtaining a biased result in an experiment.