Ideological reasoning

What does comparative reasoning enable one to do?

• Make interpretations, draw inferences, or offer explanations

• Generate hypotheses from core beliefs

• Observe patterns and form theories

• Analyze data statistically

What is the approach of ideological reasoning?

• Bottom-up from observations to generalizations

• Top-down from core beliefs

• Side-to-side comparison of different ideologies

• Random sampling of ideas

How does empirical reasoning start?

• With a hypothesis

• From observations to generalizations

• By proving the existing theories

• Through deductive logic

What is an example of ideological reasoning in the context of immigration policy?

• Supporting an amendment that requires education for all immigrants

• Opposing an amendment that promotes cultural exchange

• Supporting an amendment that requires incarceration and deportation of all illegal immigrants

• Opposing an amendment that offers financial aid to immigrants

Which statement reflects an opposition to policies that could separate families due to immigration issues?

• I support the amendment that requires incarceration and deportation of all illegal immigrants

• I oppose the amendment which would separate a family apart by deporting a parent or child

• Person illegally entering the country is breaking the law and is a criminal

• Government policies and laws that destroy the family unit are good

According to the examples of ideological reasoning provided, what is considered wrong in the context of human nature?

• Maximizing individual liberties

• Believing people are fundamentally good

• Taking away people's freedom

• Supporting societal disintegration

What is a consequence of additional individual liberty as per the ideological reasoning example given?

• It leads to societal disintegration

• It is fundamentally good

• It maximizes individual liberties

• It supports people's freedom

What does "Ideological Reasoning" or "Top-Down Thinking" involve?

• Making decisions based on the current trends and popular opinions.

• Abstract axiomatic ideas, convictions, core beliefs, principles, definitions, and generalizations on any topic taken on faith.

• Following a strict set of instructions without deviation.

• Solving problems by starting with the smallest details and working up to the larger concepts.

According to the image, how should one draw valid deductive inferences in the context of "Top-Down Thinking"?

• By using argument templates and applying a generalization, as described in Chapter 8.

• By conducting experiments and recording observations.

• By using statistical analysis to infer conclusions.

• By starting with specific instances and then making broad generalizations.

What are the specific applications of "Top-Down Thinking" as mentioned in the image?

• Solving mathematical equations and proofs.

• Specific applications to issues, events, questions, or controversies of the moment.

• Planning long-term projects and setting goals.

• Developing new technologies and innovations.