According to Maria Montessori's Five Dominant Beliefs, what is the concept of 'Respect for the Child'?

• Children should be disciplined strictly to learn respect.

• Each child is valued as a unique individual who learns in different ways.

• Children should only learn what they are taught by adults.

• Respect is something that children should earn through good behavior.

What does 'Absorbent Mind' refer to in Montessori's Five Dominant Beliefs?

• The need for children to have a strict schedule for learning.

• The idea that children should absorb knowledge only from books.

• The sponge-like capacity of children to absorb from the environment what is necessary to create an individual from his or her specific culture.

• The belief that children's minds are not capable of learning new things after a certain age.

What are 'Sensitive Periods' according to Montessori's Five Dominant Beliefs?

• Times when children are particularly disobedient and sensitive to criticism.

• Stages in which children are sensitive to the environment and should be kept away from it.

• Periods during which the child shows their predisposition to developing new knowledge and mastering skills through their senses.

• The times when children are most sensitive to pain and discomfort.

According to Montessori, what is the teacher's task in relation to children's learning?

• To talk and give lectures to the children

• To prepare and arrange a series of motives for cultural activity

• To make children follow a strict set of rules

• To control every aspect of the learning environment

How should children be encouraged to learn, according to Montessori?

• By memorizing information

• By providing freedom in a prepared environment

• By competing with each other

• By following a strict curriculum

In a Progressivist classroom, what type of activities does "Utilization of Things" involve?

• Using tools and materials to construct things

• Solving mathematical equations

• Reading and writing assignments

• Memorizing historical dates

What is encouraged in a democratically run classroom as per Progressivism?

• Social Interactions

• Strict Discipline

• Rote Learning

• Individual Testing

What is the role of "Organization" in Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development?

• The way people adjust to their environment

• How new information is balanced with existing knowledge

• Knowing that a quantity does not change if it's been altered

• Allows a child to represent their thinking into categories in order to make sense of their world

What are "Schemas" according to Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development?

• The way people adjust to their environment

• How new information is balanced with existing knowledge

• Knowing that a quantity does not change if it's been altered

• Units of understanding that can be hierarchically categorized as well as webbed into complex relationships with one another

What does "Adaptation" mean in Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development?

• The way people adjust to their environment

• How new information is balanced with existing knowledge

• Knowing that a quantity does not change if it's been altered

• Allows a child to represent their thinking into categories in order to make sense of their world