Statistics Chapter 1 Progress Quiz

What is the definition of a variable?

• A method of data collection

• A type of measurement scale

• A specific value in a data set

• A characteristic that can assume different values

What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

• Descriptive statistics summarizes data, while inferential statistics determines relationships among variables

• Descriptive statistics collects data, while inferential statistics makes predictions

• Descriptive statistics generalizes from samples to populations, while inferential statistics organizes data

• Descriptive statistics uses probability, while inferential statistics represents data visually

What is an example of a discrete variable?

• Weight

• Number of children in a family

• Height

• Temperature

What level of measurement classifies data into categories that can be ranked?

• Nominal

• Ordinal

• Ratio

• Interval

What is the difference between a cross-sectional study and a retrospective study?

• Cross-sectional study collects data over a period of time, while retrospective study collects data at one time

• Cross-sectional study collects data using records obtained from the past, while retrospective study collects data from every subject in the population

• Cross-sectional study observes what has happened in the past, while retrospective study observes what is happening

• Cross-sectional study tries to draw conclusions based on observations, while retrospective study manipulates variables

What is the independent variable in an experimental study?

• The dependent variable

• The resultant variable

• The treatment group

• The manipulated variable

What is the Hawthorne effect?

• An effect on an outcome variable caused by the difference between sample and population results

• An effect on an outcome variable caused by nonsampling errors

• An effect on an outcome variable caused by the manipulation of variables

• An effect on an outcome variable caused by the fact that subjects know they are participating in the study

What is a confounding variable?

• A variable that influences the dependent variable but was not separated from the independent variable

• A variable that is manipulated in an experimental study

• A variable that is measured on two different members of the population

• A variable that is classified into mutually exclusive categories

What is convenience sampling?

• A method of selecting a sample by measuring every 10th bottle

• A method of selecting a sample based on convenience or availability

• A method of selecting a sample using random numbers

• A method of selecting a sample by dividing a group and randomly selecting from each group

What is a sampling error?

• An error that occurs when the data are obtained erroneously or the sample is biased

• An error that influences the dependent variable but was not separated from the independent variable

• An error caused by the fact that subjects know they are participating in the study

• The difference between the results obtained from a sample and the results obtained from the population